What is abstraction in computer science, and why is it important?, It's a way to hide the complex parts and only show what’s important, making things easier to understand and use.What is the difference between high-level abstraction and low-level abstraction?, What is the difference between high-level abstraction and low-level abstraction?, High-level means it's easy for humans to understand (like Python), while low-level is closer to how computers work (like assembly language)., What is an example of a high-abstraction tool or language?, Python is a high-abstraction language because it hides a lot of the details behind simple commands., How does abstraction help in managing large software projects?, It lets teams focus on important parts without getting lost in tiny details, making big projects easier to build and manage., What are some common trade-offs between using high abstraction and low abstraction in programming?, High abstraction is easier to use but less flexible; low abstraction gives more control but is harder to learn., What is a function, and how is it different from a procedure?, A function does a task and gives back a result. A procedure just does a task but doesn’t return anything, What are parameters and return values in the context of functions?, Parameters are inputs you give a function; return values are what it gives back after doing its job., How do functions help improve code readability and maintainability?, They break code into small, clear parts, making it easier to read and fix., What is the difference between a built-in function and a user-defined function?, Built-in functions are already made (like print()), while user-defined functions are ones you create yourself., What is recursion, and how does it relate to functions?, Recursion is when a function calls itself to solve a smaller part of a problem., What is computing bias, and how can it arise in software or algorithms?, It’s when a computer program makes unfair decisions, often because of biased data or design., What are some real-world examples of computing bias in technology?, Face recognition not working well on darker skin tones, or job filters ignoring certain groups., How can biased data lead to biased outcomes in machine learning models?, If the data is unfair or one-sided, the computer learns those same unfair patterns., What strategies can developers use to reduce or prevent bias in computing systems?, Use fair data, test with diverse users, and have checks to spot bias early., Why is it important to include diverse perspectives in technology design to combat computing bias?, Different viewpoints help catch problems others might miss, making systems fairer for everyone., What is crowdsourcing, and how does it differ from outsourcing?, Crowdsourcing asks a large group (often online) to help; outsourcing hires a specific company or person., What are some popular examples of crowdsourcing platforms?, Wikipedia, Kickstarter, and Waze are all crowdsourced — they rely on users to add content or help., What are the benefits and potential drawbacks of crowdsourcing?, It’s fast and uses many ideas, but results can vary and may not always be accurate., How is crowdsourcing used in data collection and problem-solving?, People help gather information, like tagging images or reporting traffic, to help systems learn or work better., What role does quality control play in the success of crowdsourced projects?, It checks that the results are correct and useful, even when many people are involved.

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