1) Which of Newton's laws of motion describes the relationship between the force applied to an object, its mass, and the resulting acceleration (\(\vec{F}=m\vec{a}\))? a) Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) b) Newton's Second Law c) Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction d) Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation 2) What fundamental quantity in physics is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity (\(\vec{p}=m\vec{v}\)), and is conserved in a closed system? a) Kinetic energy b) Work c) Momentum d) Acceleration 3) In an ideal, frictionless system, what principle states that the total energy (the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy) remains constant? a) The Law of Universal Gravitation b) The Principle of Inertia c) The Conservation of Momentum d) The Conservation of Mechanical Energy 4) Which concept is defined as the capacity to do work, typically classified into potential (stored) and kinetic (motion) forms? a) Energy b) Power c) Force d) Impulse 5) An object remains at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force. This statement is a description of which principle? a) The Law of Action and Reaction b) The Law of Conservation of Energy c) he Law of Inertia d) The Definition of Momentum

Fundamental Concepts in Classical Mechanics

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