Alternating current (a.c.) - electric current in a circuit that repeatedly reverses its direction, Direct current (d.c.) - electric current in a circuit that is in one direction only, Earth wire - the wire in a mains cable used to connect the metal case of an appliance to earth, Fuse - a fuse contains a thin wire that melts and cuts the current off if too much current passes through it, Live wire - the mains wire that has a voltage that alternates in voltage (between +325 V and -325 V in Europe), Neutral wire - the wire of a mains circuit that is earthed at the local substation so its potential is close to zero, Oscilloscope - a device used to display the shape of an electrical wave, Plugs - a plug has an insulates case and is used to connect the cable from an appliance to a socket, Step-down transformers - electrical device used to step-down the size of an alternating potential difference, Step-up transformers - electrical device used to step-up the size of an alternating potential difference, Three-pin plug - a three-pin plug has a live pin, a neutral pin and an earth pin, Diode - a non-ohmic conductor that has a much higher resistance in one direction (its reverse direction) than in the other direction (its forward direction), Electric field - a charged object (X) creates an electric field around itself, which causes a non-contact force on any other charged object in the field, Electrons - tiny negatively charged particles that move around the nucleus of an atom, Ion - a charged atom or molecule, Light-depending resistor (LDR) - a resistor whose resistance depends on the intensity of the light incident on it, Light-emitting diode (LED) - a diode that emits light when it conducts, Line of force in an electric field - line along which a free positive charge moves long in an electric field, Neutrons - uncharged particles of the same mass as protons. The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons, Ohm’s law - the current through a resistor at constant temperature is directly proportional to the potential difference across the resistor, Parallel - components connected in a circuit so that the potential difference is the same across each one, Potential difference - a measure of the work done or energy transferred to the lamp by each coulomb of charge that passes through it. The unit of potential difference is the volt (V), Protons - positively charged particles with an equal and opposite charge to that of an electron, Resistance - resistance (in ohms, Ω) = potential difference (in volts, V) ÷ current (in amperes, A), Series - components connected in a circuit in such a way that the same current passes through them, Static electricity - electric charge stored on insulated objects, Thermistor - a resistor whose resistance depends on the temperature of the thermistor,

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