1) What is pragmatics? a) the study of language interpretation in context. Pragmatics is concerned with relations among words, things, and speakers of a language. It goes beyond ‘literal meaning’. b) refers to items within the same text c) the grammatical and lexical ties and connections which exist within texts d) concerns the ways in which languages encode or grammaticalize features of the context of utterance or speech event 2) What is semantics?  a) the study of meaning of linguistic expressions. Semantics is concerned with relations between words and things. It covers truth-conditional interpretation and ‘literal meaning’. b) the social context refers to the social relationship among speakers and hearers. c) we can think of this in terms of where the conversation is taking place, what objects are present, what actions are occurring, and so forth d) part of the context of the situation in which it is produced, language has an essentially pragmatic character and ‘meaning resides in the pragmatic function of an utterance’ 3) Name the main figures of pragmatics? a) J.L. Austin, J.R. Searle b) Sarah Phillips c) Alan Maley d) Ed Swick 4) What is variability in pragmatics? a) The range of possibilities from which to choose is determined b) choices are made on the basis of highly flexible principles and strategies c) to approach points of satisfaction for communicative needs d) social relationship amond speaker and hearer  5) What is adaptability in pragmatics? a) choices are made in such a way as to approach points of satisfaction for communicative needs b) choices are made on the basis of highly flexible principles and strategies c) property of language defining the range of d) possibilities from which the choices are made 6) What is the definition of the term « coherence » ?  a) the (expected) relationships which link the meanings of utterances in a discourse (or sentences in a text). b) he grammatical and lexical ties and connections which exist within texts c) the social relationship among speakers and hearers. d) property of language defining the range of 7) What does the concept of cohesion mean? a) the grammatical and lexical ties and connections which exist within texts: b) refers to the entities in the background knowledge mentioned or a previous conversation or text or which occures in a previously shared situation or activity c) refers to items within the same text d) the (expected) relationships which link the meanings of utterances in a discourse (or sentences in a text). 8) Greek meaning of the word “deixis “ ?  a) ‘ thinking’ b) ‘ deciding ‘ c) ‘understanding’ d) ‘pointing’ or ‘indicating’ 9) material conditions of speech a) encoding of space and spatial relations b) gestures c) newspaper layout and headlines, Twitter d) perspective manipulation  10) context of the physical world a) perspective manipulation b) motion through space c) Twitter d) bodily postures, gestures, gaze 11) Context of the spatial reference a) encoding of space and spatial relations, absolute spatial relations b) event time c) physical conditions d) Twitter 12) Context of the temporal reference  a) encoding of space and spatial relations b) event time, time of utterance, time of reference c) bodily postures d) Twitter

Pragmatics

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