AIR SACCULITIS - Infection of the thin walled air sacs often caused by the common fungus Aspergillus fumigatus usually found in mouldy hay, UROPYGIAL - Preen gland at the base of the tail essential for keeping feathers oiled and healthy, CRANIOFACIAL HINGE - Joint between the upper beak and the skull found in many birds that increases beak mobility during feeding, PECTORAL AND BRACHIAL ARTERIES - Supply blood to flight muscles and wings, SHELL GLAND - The uterus and last section of the oviduct consisting of longitudinal muscle lined with goblet cells where the shell membrane becomes calcified over about 15hrs with pigmentation during the final 5hrs, CORACOID - Large bone between the keel and each shoulder joint that supports the wings, FILOPLUME - Lie close to the body under the contour feathers and are designed to break up, creating dust that absorbs sweat and dirt, SALT GLANDS - Located above the eye in some marine birds which balances the salt content by secreting large quantities of sodium chloride, RACHIS - Central shaft of the feather which is filled with blood capillaries during growth but becomes hollow as the feather matures,

BIRDS 4 Anatomy and Physiology Key Points

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