Application - Includes the protocols and methods that are used to provide user interfaces for applications. Examples of protocols used here are HTTP, HTTPS, POP3, SMTP, IMAP., Transport - Divides the data into packets, which are smaller parts of the original data. Each packet is given a number, so that they can be reassembled in the correct order by the recipient computer. Examples of protocols used here are TCP and UDP. However of the two, only TCP checks for errors in data transmission, such as missing packets., Network - Adds the sender's and recipient's IP address to each packet, so that the package can find its destination. IP addresses work similarly to postal addresses; they are responsible for routing the packet to the correct location. This is performed by the Internet Protocol (IP)., Link - Responsible for transporting the packets of data across a network. This includes the physical hardware and the software needed. Examples are Ethernet and WiFi.,

iGCSE Network layers

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