McQuail - People use the media for info.identity, social interaction and entertainment, Anderson - Songs with violent lyrics increased aggressive thoughts, Newson - Media violence has a desensitising effect on children (due to drip drip), Gauntlett - Criticises theories for blaming tv for crime when it coudl be other reasons such as inequality, Gamson et al - Political views - people draw on media but also personal experience , Fesbach and Sanger - boys who watched violent tv actually behaved less aggressively - catharsis, Buckingham - People can distinguish between real violence and cartoon violence, Young - Watching violence can make people more aware of consequences and less likely to commit it themselves, Katz and Lazarsfeld - Two-step flow model, Vernette - Womens fashion industry targets opinion leaders, Hobson - Discussion of soap opera characters influences peoples perception of them, Cumberbatch and Negrine - People with disabilities or who knew people with them less likely to accept media representations of disability, Gunter and McAleer - Younger men and women viewers are more susceptible to presentations fo sexuality. Women react more negatively to non-consensual depictions, Blumler and Katz - Uses and gratifications model, Zillman - Mood influences media choice, Barwise and Ehrenberg - Media use is often habitual, ritualistic and unselective rather than the product of an active choice, Klapper - Selective filter model, Postman - We live in a '3 min culture' where the attention span of the average member is about 3 mins long, Philo - Critical of selective filter - GUMG research has shown that the media has a great deal of power in forming how audiences view the world,

Media Models

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