Transcription is the first stage and happens in the nucleus, DNA is ‘unzipped’ to expose the nucleotide bases., mRNA nucleotides line up opposite their complementary bases on DNA, An enzyme joins the mRNA nucleotides together to form a small single strand of mRNA, mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, attaching to a ribosome for translation, A tRNA (with a specific amino acid attached to it) enters the ribosome and its anticodon pairs up with the complementary codon on the mRNA, A second tRNA with another amino acid pairs up its anticodon against the next codon on the mRNA, When two tRNA’s are next to each other, a bond forms between the two amino acids, The first tRNA leaves the ribosome, leaving behind its amino acid, Once the ribosome reaches a stop codon, translation stops, A polypeptide chain is formed form amino acids (protein).

iGCSE protein synthesis

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