Natural Selection - A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits, Evolution - Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms, Speciation - A process typically caused by the genetic isolation from a main population resulting in a new genetically distinct species, Charles Darwin - English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882), Selective breeding - Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms (AKA artificial selection), Beneficial mutation - Any change to the genetic code that results in noticeable physiological changes that are of benefit to the organsim, Harmful mutation - Is a mutation that decreases the fitness of the organism, Homologous structures - Structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same general structure. supports idea of common ancestor., analagous structures - Similar function but different structure - does not show common ancestry - (Ex: butterfly wing and bat wing), Vestigial structures - A structure that is present in an organism but no longer surveys its original purpose (Ex: whale pelvis bone), Survival of the fittest - Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection, Adaption - a characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.,

Adaptation and Evolution

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