Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT is an example of how the psychological aspects of ____ anxiety may be addressed to allow an athlete to increase their performance. Cognitive behavioural therapy involves a combination of cognitive therapy that helps challenge ____ thought processes such as unwanted thoughts, attitudes and ____ that focuses on modifying behaviour in response to these thoughts. In order to improve sporting performance, cognitive behavioural therapy would help an athlete ____ unwanted and irrational thoughts and help ____ any anxiety surrounding these thoughts. The first stage of CBT is assessment: a psychologist would need to identify precipitating factors that ____ anxiety in, for instance, a sporting situation. They will also need to identify ____ factors that may lead to anxiety, such as ____ pressure from parents. Finally, they need to assess if there are any factors that maintain anxiety, for example, pressure from a ____ or a signed sponsorship deal that depends on the athlete winning regularly. Once the assessment has taken place the athlete’s ____ thoughts, for instance, “I am not as good as my teammates,” are identified. The therapist then puts together a suggestion about how precipitating, predisposing and ____ factors lead to irrational and dysfunctional thoughts which in turn produce anxiety. This is ____ with the athlete. Athlete and therapist then work together to test the ____ of the dysfunctional thoughts. Therapist may challenge the athlete by providing evidence to ____ the thoughts or may ask the athlete to do so. Some automatic thoughts might also be modified so they are less threatening. Alternatively, the therapist might set the athlete ____ assignments. These may include reading material or completing tasks that challenge irrational beliefs: for instance, by asking the athlete to collate ____ from others to see if they also share the same ____ about him or her. Diaphragmatic or calm breathing involves taking smooth, ____ and regular breaths. done while sitting or standing ____ because doing this increases the ability of the lungs to fill with air. First a slow breath through the ____, breathing into your lower stomach for ____ seconds. The breath should then be held for ____ seconds, followed by slowing exhaling through the mouth for another ____ seconds. The athlete should then wait a couple of seconds before taking the next breath. ____ breathing cycles are taken per minute to decrease levels of anxiety and for at least five minutes twice a day. should be practised when not feeling nervous or anxious. It is important to be ____ breathing this way when feeling calm, before being comfortable doing it when anxious. Once comfortable with this technique it can be used in ____ that cause anxiety: such as before, during or after sporting events. Diaphragmatic breathing techniques have been found to be an ____ way of managing arousal and anxiety in sport as it is known to ____ stress, anxiety and muscle tension, reduce negative thoughts and fatigue, as well as improving stamina. Furthermore, ____ et al. (2014) found that with diaphragmatic breathing, ____ endurance has shown improvement in sportsmen

Application: CBT

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