1) What is the word for how much of a disease is caused by genetic effects a) Recessive b) Dominant c) Environmental d) Heritability 2) Someone inherits a disease with a heritability of 1. What are the chances that an identical twin will have the same disease? a) No chance b) The same as the general population c) Lower than for a recessive disease, but higher than the general population d) 100% e) 25% f) 50% 3) Someone inherits a disease with a heritability of 0. What are the chances that an identical twin will have the same disease? a) No chance b) Approximately the same as the general population c) Lower than for a recessive disease, but higher than the general population d) 100% e) 25% f) 50% 4) A family has a child with a disease that has multifactorial inheritance. If they have another child, what is the risk that the baby will have the same condition? a) No chance b) Approximately the same as the general population c) Lower than for a recessive disease, but higher than the general population d) 100% e) 25% f) 50% 5) A 55-year-old woman comes to the clinic and says that her older sister was just diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. What is the risk that this woman will develop Parkinson's? a) No chance b) Approximately the same as the general population c) Lower than for a recessive disease, but higher than the general population d) 100% e) 25% f) 50% 6) A couple has a child with PKU (recessive). What is the risk that their next child will have PKU? a) No chance b) Approximately the same as the general population c) Lower than for a recessive disease, but higher than the general population d) 100% e) 25% f) 50% 7) A couple has a child with achondroplasia (dominant). What is the risk that their next child will have achondroplasia?  a) No chance b) Approximately the same as the general population c) Lower than for a recessive disease, but higher than the general population d) 100% e) 25% f) 50% (assuming one parent has it) 8) A couple has a child with spina bifida (multifactorial). They are planning for another child. How do you counsel them?  a) Adopt b) Try in vitro fertilization with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis c) It is not advised to have more children (too risky) d) Change environmental factors (prenatal folate, prevent gestational diabetes, etc) e) Use a lentivirus or AAV to treat the fetus in utero f) Use a surrogate 9) A couple has a child with a rare, multifactorial disease. The genetic link is not well understood. They are planning for another child. How do you counsel them?  a) Tell them to change their genetics b) Dr. Sant says to focus on things that can change, like the environment c) Tell them to quit smoking and drinking before and during pregnancy d) Change environmental factors (prenatal folate, prevent gestational diabetes, etc) e) Tell them to undergo an invasive surgery to explore potential defects in the mother and father's spine and find if one of the parents has it too f) Tell them you have no idea what to do. How should you know? You just work here?

Multifactorial Inheritance

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