1) Which statement best describes how the term “Mesopotamia” was originally used in antiquity? a) It referred to all modern Iraq b) It meant the southern alluvial plain around Babylon c) It referred to a smaller northern area between Euphrates and Tigris near Mosul and the Ḫabur region. d) It was always defined as the land from Baghdad to the Persian Gulf. 2) What was necessary for agriculture in the southern Mesopotamian alluvial plain? a) Rainfall alone, as in Egypt b) Irrigation, because rainfall was insufficient c) Only seasonal flooding, which was predictable d) Terrace farming on mountain slopes 3) Which locally available resource was especially important in Mesopotamia and even caused political disputes? a) Gold from the Taurus mountains b) Timber from the Levant c) Bitumen near the city of Hit d) Copper from Oman 4) Which factor mainly determined whether rain-fed agriculture was possible in Mesopotamia? a) Temperature b) Rainfall of at least 200–250 mm per year c) Soil salinity levels d) Proximity to rivers 5) Why were the Tigris and Euphrates considered more dangerous than the Nile? a) They dried out completely in summer. b) Their floods came in autumn, too late for planting. c) Their flow was unpredictable and peaked in spring, often destroying fields before harvest. d) They carried no fertile silt. 6) Which statement about Mesopotamai raw materials is correct? a) Mesopotamia had rich deposits of metals and stone. b) Most building relied on imported marble. c) Mesopotamia lacked many natural resources and depended on long-distance trade. d) Local forests supplied ample timber for construction

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