Central Nervous System, The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord. It controls and coordinates body activities., Peripheral Nervous System, The network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that carries messages around the body., Neuron, A nerve cell that sends electrical impulses through the body., Sensory Neuron, A neuron that carries information from sense organs to the central nervous system., Relay Neuron, Neuron within the central nervouse system may be very short, Motor Neuron, A neuron that carries impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands., Synapse, The meet of individual neurones at junctions, Neurotransmitter, A chemical substance that carries signals across a synapse., Sensitivity, The ability to react and respond to changes in the external and internal conditions, Stimulus, Any change in the environment that causes a response., Retina, The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones., Iris, The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil., Lens, The transparent structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina., Insulin, Hormone produced by the pancreas, causes muscle cells and liver cells to take glucose of the blood reducing glucose concentration, Hormone, A chemical messenger produced by glands and carried in the blood., Testosterone, Produced in testes, controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics, Adrenaline, A hormone released during stress or danger that prepares the body for quick action., Homeostasis, The process of keeping internal body conditions stable, such as temperature and water balance., Pupil, The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye., Arterioles, Small arteries carrying blood near the surface of the skin, so more blood flows through capillaries at the skin surface..

Chapter 14

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