openings - The start of a text must interest the reader., focus - This is what the writer focuses on as the text develops., shifts - Changes in ideas and perspectives, eg outside to inside., contrast - The differences between two things., repetition or patterns - When words, phrases or ideas are repeated for effect., pace - The feeling of speed in the writing – are events and ideas revealed to the reader slowly or quickly?, temporal references - References to time., order of events - This could be chronological or writers might choose to start at the end, in the middle, or with flashbacks / flash forwards., endings - The conclusion of a text may be neat or leave us with questions., withholding information - Clues and hints are given without revealing everything at once., dialogue - Conversations and speech., headings, subheadings and questions - Divides the content of texts into topics and sub topics, can signal the start of new points., bullets - Bullets can summarise and simplify a range of ideas., sentence structures - Varied types of sentences, eg simple, compound and complex., paragraph lengths - These vary like sentences eg, to highlight significant points or to provide a detailed account.,

Structure terminology for GCSE English

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