ABRASION - Rocks carried along by the river wear down the river bed and banks., ATTRITION - Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder particles., CROSS PROFILE - The side to side cross-section of a river channel and/or valley., DAM AND RESERVOIR - A barrier (made on earth, concrete or stone) built across a valley to interrupt river flow and create a man‐made lake (reservoir) which stores water and controls the discharge of the river., EMBANKMENTS - Raised banks constructed along the river; they effectively make the river deeper so it can hold more water. They are expensive and do not look natural but they do protect the land around them, ESTUARY - The tidal mouth of a river where it meets the sea; wide banks of deposited mud are exposed at low tide., FLOOD - Occurs when river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills out of the channel onto the floodplain and other areas., FLOOD PLAIN - The relatively flat area forming the valley floor on either side of a river channel, which is sometimes flooded., FLUVIAL PROCESS - Processes relating to erosion, transport and deposition by a river., HYDROGRAPH - A graph which shows the discharge of a river, related to rainfall, over a period of time., INTERLOCKING SPURS - series of ridges projecting out on alternate sides of a valley and around which a river winds its course., LATERAL EROSION - Sideways erosion by a river on the outside of a meander channel. It eventually leads to the widening of the valley and contributes to the formation of the flood plain., LEVEES - Embankment of sediment along the bank of a river. It may be formed naturally by regular flooding or be built up by people to protect the area against flooding., LONG PROFILE - The gradient of a river, from its source to its mouth., MEANDER - A pronounced bend in a river., OX-BOW LAKE - An arc-shaped lake which has been cut off from a meandering river., PRECIPITATION - Moisture falling from the atmosphere - as rain, hail, sleet or snow., SALTATION - Particles bouncing down the river bed., SOLUTION - Soluble particles are dissolved into the river., CHANNEL STRAIGHTENING - Removing meanders from a river to make the river straighter. Straightening the river (also called channelising) allows it to carry more water quickly downstream, so it doesn’t build up and is less likely to flood., SUSPENSION - Fine solid material held in the water while the water is moving., TRACTION - The rolling of boulders and pebbles along the river bed., VERTICAL EROSION - Downward erosion of a river bed.,

Rivers

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