Evolution - The physical change of a species over time to suit its environment for survival., Fitness - The ability of an organism to survive in its environment or how good a particular genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation relative to other genotypes. , Adaptation - The species either has a change in it physical features or behavior to make it more able to survive in a given environment, Survival of the Fittest - The species with the features that are most suitable to its environment and is capable of surviving and reproducing in it., Natural Selection - Organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring. This results in these organisms being “selected” by the environment to be most successful at survival., Homologous structures - Structures between different organisms have a different function but very similar structural features, Analogous structures - Structures between different organisms have a similar function but different structural features, Vestigial organs - feature that a species inherited from an ancestor but now either does not work or is less detailed , Biogeography - Geographic patterns in the distribution of living things over the Earth, Fossil Record - a collection of fossils documenting the history of earth and its species in the past and near present, Relative dating - Using Rock to to arrange geological events in chronological sequence, Genetic drift - Variation in the frequency of different genotypes in a small population. This frequency may lead to the disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce., Gene pool - The population of types of genes found in a species. There are different numbers of dominant and recessive genes found in species., Founder effect - Change in the amount of alleles in a population because of the movement of a small group in the population to another area (migration), Directional selection - type of natural selection that allows the individual on the extreme end of the population to dominate in numbers., Stabilizing selection - Type of Natural selection that allows individual characteristics to be not in the extreme. They are between the two extremes, Disruptive selection - Natural Selection where most of the population have characteristics on either extreme., Reproductive Isolation - When a species can only produce with each other within a certain location or due to a certain behavior, Adaptive radiation - When a species evolves into several different forms and they live in different ways, Convergent evolution - Evolution that occurs when different species eventually start to have the same or similar physical features, Coevolution - Occurs when two or more species influence each other's evolution; they are evolving together to help each other , Endosymbiotic theory - The theory that mitochondria and chloroplast were once separate organisms but evolved to become organelles in animal and plant cells, Extinction - When a species dies out and no longer exists on earth due to environmental conditions, Species - a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or reproducing with each other., Cladogram - A cladogram is a diagram that shows relationships between species. These relationships are based on observable physical characteristics., Spontaneous Generation - The ability to generate a living organism from a non-living object,

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