Passive transport - A cell transport mechanism that does not require the use of energy (ATP)., Diffusion - The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration., Osmosis - The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, Hypotonic - A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to swell as water enters., Hypertonic - : A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to shrink as water exits., Isotonic - A solution with the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell., Facilitated - This type of diffusion uses protein channels, Carrier protein - A type of transport protein that binds to specific molecules and changes shape to transport them across the cell membrane., Active transport - The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP)., Endocytosis - The process by which cells engulf external substances by wrapping their membrane around them and forming a vesicle., Pinocytosis - A type of endocytosis where the cell ingests extracellular fluid and dissolved substances., Phagocytosis - A type of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large particles or other cells., Exocytosis - The process by which cells expel materials by vesicles fusing with the cell membrane and releasing their contents outside the cell., Peripheral proteins - Proteins attached to the outer or inner surfaces of the cell membrane, involved in signaling and maintaining cell shape., Integral proteins - Proteins embedded within the cell membrane, often spanning the entire membrane, and involved in transport, signaling, and structural functions.,

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