Internal variation - Different ways of expressing the same meaning within a single language., Language variety - Any form of language characterized by semantic features., Idiolect - Every native speaker speaks their own and it differs systematically from other native speakers., Sociolinguistics - Study of the relationship between language varieties and social structure as well as the interrelationships among different language varieties., Dialect - Any variety of language spoken by a group of people that is characterized by systematic differences from other varieties of the same language in terms of structural or lexical features., Accent - Systematic phonological variation., Speech community - A group of people speaking the same dialect., Communicative isolation - Results when a group of speakers forms a coherent speech isolation relatively isolated from speakers outside of that community., Mutual intelligibility - Criterion to distinguish dialects from languages., Issue for mutual intelligibility - Cultural, political, geographical, or historical considerations., Dialect continuum - When, in a large number of geographically contiguous dialects, each dialect is closely related to the next, but the dialects at either end of the scale are mutually intelligible., Speech styles - Systematic variations in speech based on factors such as topic, setting, and addressee., Registers - Described in terms of degrees of formality (formal, informal, casual or careful)., Style shifting - Automatically adjusting from one speech style to another., Jargon - Technical words. A language variety that differs only in lexical items., Slang - It has to do more with stylistic choices in vocabulary. Less formal than equivalent words., Common slang - Everyday language that most people consider just a little too informal for letters of application., In-group slang - More specialized slang of a particular group at a particular time., Standard dialect - Variety used by political leaders, the media, and speakers from higher socioeconomic classes., Nonstandard dialect - Dialects other than the standard dialect., Prescriptive standard - Standard by which people often make judgements of “right” and “wrong”., Hypercorrection - Producing nonstandard forms by way of false analogy., Bidialectal - Having a mastery of two dialects (a standard variety and a nonstandard variety)., Overt prestige - Defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community., Covert prestige - Defines how people should speak in order to be considered members of a particular nonstandard-speaking community., Phonetic variation - Variations in the sounds of utterances across dialects., Phonological variation - Variations in the patterns of sounds across dialects., Morphological Variation - Variation in the distribution of morphemes or the use of different morphemes in two varieties., Syntactic Variation - Variations in the structuring of sentences across dialects., Lexical Variation - Differences in the words people use to mean the same thing or differences in what the same word means or refers to.,

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