1) What is a problem domain in software engineering? a) The area of expertise of the software developer b) The specific environment or context in which the system operates c) The programming language used for development d) The hardware requirements of the system 2) Which is NOT a common software engineering challenge? a) Changing requirements b) Time constraints c) Unlimited budget d) Managing complexity 3) The primary goal of software engineering is to a) Write code quickly b) Develop reliable and maintainable software c) Use the latest programming languages d) Minimize documentation 4) Which is a characteristic of a good software process? a) Rigid and inflexible b) Well-defined and measurable c) No need for documentation d) Only focuses on coding 5) The Waterfall model is best suited for projects where a) Requirements are likely to change b) Requirements are well understood and stable c) Rapid prototyping is needed d) Frequent customer feedback is required 6) Which model allows for early user feedback through mock-ups? a) Waterfall b) Prototyping c) Spiral d) V-Model 7) Iterative development involves a) Delivering the complete system at the end b) Repeating phases in cycles to refine the produc c) No testing until final delivery d) Avoiding customer feedback 8) The purpose of an SRS (Software Requirements Specification) is to a) Describe the code structure b) Define what the system should do, not how c) List programming languages to be used d) Provide a user manual 9) Which is NOT a requirement gathering technique? a) Interviews b) Surveys c) Guessing d) Observation 10) A functional requirement describes a) System performance b) What the system should do c) User interface design d) Coding standards 11) Which is a characteristic of a good SRS? a) Ambiguous b) Complete and consistent c) Only includes high-level goals d) Excludes non-functional requirements 12) Modularity in design refers to: a) Combining all functions into one module b) Dividing the system into independent, manageable components c) Avoiding documentation d) Using only one programming language 13) High cohesion means a) Modules are loosely related b) A module performs a single, well-defined task c) Modules depend heavily on each other d) There is no interaction between modules 14) Which design strategy starts with the overall system and breaks it down? a) Bottom-up b) Top-down c) Sideways-in d) Random 15) A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) represents a) Control logic of a program b) Flow of data in a system c) Class hierarchies d) Database schema 16) Structured programming emphasizes a) Using only global variables b) Single-entry, single-exit control structures c) No use of functions d) Unrestricted GOTO statements 17) Information hiding means a) Concealing code from developers b) Restricting access to internal module details c) Not documenting the code d) Using obfuscation techniques 18) Which is a common coding error? a) Proper indentation b) Uninitialized variables c) Following coding standards d) Modular design 19) Coding standards help in a) Making code harder to read b) Ensuring consistency and maintainability c) Increasing bugs d) Avoiding testing 20) A test oracle is used to a) Predict software failures b) Determine expected test results c) Generate random test cases d) Automate debugging 21) Black-box testing focuses on a) Internal code structure b) Input-output behavior without knowing internals c) Only unit testing d) Memory leaks 22) White-box testing requires knowledge of a) Only user requirements b) Internal code logic c) System documentation d) Customer feedback 23) Unit testing is performed on a) The entire system b) Individual modules or functions c) Only the UI components d) Database schemas 24) Regression testing ensures a) New changes don’t break existing functionality b) Only new features are tested c) No need for test cases d) Testing is done only once 25) High coupling between modules is undesirable because a) It improves maintainability b) It makes changes harder and riskier c) It reduces complexity d) It increases cohesion 26) Which is NOT a level of testing? a) Unit testing b) Integration testing c) Sales testing d) System testing 27) A Structure Chart represents a) Data flow b) Module hierarchy and interactions c) User interface layout d) Database tables 28) Which process model is also known as the "Linear Sequential Model"? a) Prototyping Model b) Spiral Model c) Waterfall Model d) Agile Model 29) The Prototyping Model is most useful when a) Requirements are well-defined and stable b) Users are unsure about their needs c) The project has a fixed deadline d) Only technical users are involved 30) Iterative Development is characterized by a) Delivering the final product in one go b) Producing working software in increments c) Avoiding customer feedback d) Following a strict sequential approach 31) Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Waterfall Model? a) High flexibility for requirement changes b) Difficult to accommodate changes once the process starts c) Encourages early user feedback d) Well-suited for small projects 32) The Requirement Elicitation process involves a) Writing code before gathering requirements b) Collecting requirements from stakeholders c) Ignoring non-functional requirements d) Skipping documentation 33) Non-functional requirements describe a) Features the system must perform b) System qualities like performance and security c) Only the user interface design d) Programming language to be used 34) A good SRS should be a) Ambiguous and flexible b) Unambiguous and complete c) Only focused on coding details d) Written after development 35) Which of the following is NOT a part of an SRS document? a) Functional Requirements b) User Stories c) System Constraints d) Source Code 36) The main purpose of problem analysis in requirements engineering is to: a) Start coding immediately b) Understand and define the problem clearly c) Skip stakeholder interviews d) Finalize the budget 37) Coupling refers to a) The degree of interaction between modules b) The strength of relationships within a module c) The number of functions in a program d) The size of the codebase 38) Which type of coupling is the least desirable? a) Data Coupling b) Stamp Coupling c) Content Coupling d) Control Coupling 39) Cohesion is a measure of a) How closely related the functions within a module are b) The number of modules in a system c) The dependency between modules d) The size of individual functions 40) A Structure Chart is used to represent a) Data flow between processes b) Hierarchical structure of modules c) Class relationships in OOP d) User interface layout 41) In a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), a process is represented by a) A rectangle b) A circle c) An arrow d) A parallel line 42) Structured Programming discourages the use of a) Functions b) Loops c) GOTO statements d) Conditional statements 43) Information Hiding is related to a) Making all variables global b) Restricting access to module internals c) Writing unreadable code d) Avoiding comments 44) Which is a common coding error? a) Using meaningful variable names b) Memory leaks c) Following indentation rules d) Modularizing code 45) Coding standards are important because they a) Make code harder to maintain b) Ensure consistency and readability c) Increase debugging time d) Are only useful for beginners 46) Defensive programming involves a) Writing code without error handling b) Anticipating and handling potential errors c) Ignoring user inputs d) Skipping testing 47) A Test Case includes a) Only expected outputs b) Inputs, execution conditions, and expected results c) Only the test execution steps d) Debugging steps 48) Black-box testing does NOT consider a) User requirements b) Internal code structure c) Input-output behavior d) Functional specifications 49) White-box testing is also known as a) Behavioral testing b) User acceptance testing c) Structural testing d) Regression testing 50) Which testing technique is based on boundary value analysis? a) Black-box testing b) Mutation testing c) Stress testing d) White-box testing

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