Pinching, Oldest technique, shaping by squeezing a ball of clay into a vessel, requires small amounts of plastic clay with little coarse temper, results in small vessels, commonly paired with burnishing, Coiling, Adding clay coils to build up walls, common in Bronze and Iron Age pottery, Leaves characteristic joins: cracks parallel to coil lines, uneven wall thickness, slight asymmetry, uses short, tempered clay , organic fibers added to prevent them from breaking, Moulding, Pressing clay into or over a mould, Allows thin, uniform walls and rapid production, consistent walls, low deformation risk, suitable both for soft and firm clay, Two main types: internal and external, Paddle and anvil, the pot wall is squeezed between paddle (outside) and an anvil (inside), thinner, larger vessels, distinctive ribbed or textured surface, ideal for rounded, globular cooking pots, Wheel-made pottery, Requires highly plastic clay, Produces symmetrical vessels , characteristic spiral traces present, Appears in many regions after 4th millennium BC but widespread later, has two types: slow and fast , Slow Wheel (Tournette), Used alongside hand-building, Clay must be relatively lean (not too plastic), Fast Wheel (Wheel Throwing), Appears in the 4th millennium BCE (Middle East), Enables: greater specialization, Enables: high-volume production, standardization, Slab Building, Constructing vessel walls from clay slabs, Typically used for pressing cylindrical or squared shapes, tiles, or architectural ceramics..

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