| The part of a syllable that includes the vowel sound and any sounds that follow it (e.g., the "-at" in cat). - Rime, | The initial consonant sound or blend that comes before the vowel in a syllable (e.g., the "/c/" in cat or the "/str/" in stream). - Onset, | The ability to break down a word into its smaller sound units (phonemes). This is the opposite of blending. For example, breaking the word "cat" into the sounds /k/-/æ/-/t/. - Segmenting, | The understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language (phonemes). - Alphabetic Principle, | A broad skill encompassing the ability to identify and manipulate units of spoken language, such as words, syllables, onsets, and rimes. - Phonological Awareness, | A specific type of phonological awareness involving the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. - Phonemic Awareness, | The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language (e.g., the sound of /k/ in cat). - Phoneme, | The written representation of a phoneme (e.g., the letter "c" or the letter combination "sh"). - Grapheme, | The process of converting phonemes into graphemes; this is the process of spelling or writing. - Encoding, | The process of converting graphemes into phonemes; this is the process of reading. - Decoding, | The process of combining phonemes (individual sounds) to form a complete word. - Blending,

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