Shael, natural border, Tropical stopeover, make a long stopover in a paradise location, the Niger River, It is the most important in West Africa and the third longest on the entire continent., Mali Empire, is the historic network of trading routes across the Sahara Desert that connected North Africa, the Mediterranean, and Europe with West and Sub-Saharan Africa., Trans-Saharan Trade, was a rich medieval West African trading power (c. 300–1240 CE) located in modern-day southeastern Mauritania and western Mali., Ghana Empire, a powerful West African state from the 13th to the 17th century., Songhai Empire, The Songhai Empire (also spelled Songhay) was a powerful West African state that dominated the western Sahel during the 15th and 16th centuries., Trade, the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or assets between two or more parties., Islam and Local Religious Traditions, the dynamic interaction between the universal teachings of Islam (the Qur'an and the Sunnah) and the indigenous, pre-existing cultures, rituals, and belief systems of specific regions., Gran Mezquita de Djenné, in Mali is the largest adobe (mud-brick) building in the world. A masterpiece of Sudano-Sahelian architecture, the current structure was completed in 1907., Mud Structure, is a building constructed using subsoil—a mixture of clay, sand, water, and organic binders like straw., Annual Mud Coating, typically refers to a seasonal or yearly protective layer of clay or earthen plaster applied to structures (like mud-brick or cob homes) to prevent weather damage, cracking, and erosion..

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