malware, software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system., phishing, a technique used to trick users into providing sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity., ransomware, a type of malware that encrypts a user's data and demands payment to restore access., firewall, a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules., spyware, software that enables a user to obtain covert information about another's computer activities by transmitting data covertly from their hard drive., adware, software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material (often unwanted) when a user is online., authentication, the process of verifying the identity of a user, process, or device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in a system., authorization, the process of determining what a user is allowed to do on a system., Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), a security process in which the user provides two different authentication factors to verify themselves., Social Engineering, the use of deception to manipulate individuals into divulging confidential or personal information that may be used for fraudulent purposes., sandboxing, a security mechanism for separating running programs, often used to execute untested code or untrusted programs., data breach, an incident where information is accessed without authorization., compromised, when a protected thing is no longer secure, was down, stopped working, victim, person or organization who is attacked as a result of a crime, prevent, stop something from happening, vulnerable, weak or easily attacked, hacker, person who secretly looks at and changes information on a computer system, network, connected computers and devices for sharing information, encrypt, make computer data impossible to read unless the user has a password

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