A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:, ensure the patient has a patent airway., control the bleeding with direct pressure., apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask, apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound., A 49-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:, apply direct pressure to the wound., provide high-flow oxygen., cover the patient with a blanket., obtain baseline vital signs., A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:, having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine., pinching the patient’s nostrils and having him lean forward., placing a rolled 4 × 4-inch dressing between his lower lip and gum., packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops., A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should:, apply a pelvic compression device around his pelvis., assess his blood pressure to detect hypotension, stabilize his pelvis by placing him onto his side., elevate his legs, keep him warm, and transport., A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be _most_ suspicious that this patient is experiencing:, an aortic aneurysm, acute appendicitis., gastrointestinal bleeding, intrathoracic hemorrhaging., A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. Law enforcement personnel have ensured that the scene is safe. The patient is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:, obtain baseline vital signs., apply a nonrebreathing mask., perform a secondary assessment., assist the patient’s ventilations., After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient’s arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:, replace the dressing with another dressing., apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound., splint the arm and keep it below heart level., place additional dressings over the wound, A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is _most_ likely causing his nosebleed today?, High blood pressure, Diabetic complications, Hemorrhagic stroke, His prescribed albuterol, After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. Based on these findings, you should be _most_ suspicious of injury to the:, kidneys., spleen., pancreas., gallbladder., All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment, _except_:, severe hemorrhage., slow, shallow breathing., airway obstruction., capillary bleeding., An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost., 50 ml, 100ml, 150ml, 200ml, As you assess a supine patient, you suspect she has a pelvic injury. Where and how should you apply the pelvic binder?, Tightly around the trochanters (hips) and thighs, Loosely over the inguinal junction, Securely across the lower abdomen, Centered over the trochanters, If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply, additional sterile dressings., a splint and elevate the extremity., a tourniquet proximal to the injury., digital pressure to a proximal artery., The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:, venules., arterioles., vena cavae., capillary arteries., When assessing a trauma patient, EMTs use the mnemonic _DCAP-BTLS_ to help identify signs of injury. Which of the following sets of findings are included in the DCAP-BTLS mnemonic?, Dehydration, cyanosis, pain, burns, tenderness, and swelling., Distention, clammy skin, avulsions, pressure, and lacerations, Deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, and swelling, Dizziness, cold skin, abrasions, posture changes, and lacerations, Which of the following is _not _considered a high-energy MOI that would raise concern for internal abdominal bleeding?, Gas line explosion blast, Fall off sidewalk curb, Motor vehicle collision, Fall from a third-floor balcony, Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?, Local blood vessels begin to dilate., Red blood cells separate from plasma., Platelets begin to collect at the injury site., Red blood cells become less sticky., Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?, Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets., Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously., Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting., Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia., Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?, Venous and capillary blood typically do not clot spontaneously., Bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged vessel dilates., Direct contact with the environment prevents blood from clotting., A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting, You are assessing a 29-year-old female who was thrown from a motorcycle and landed on the pavement. She has bruising on her lower chest and has a distended abdomen. Suspecting internal bleeding, which organ is most likely injured?, Spleen, Liver, Heart, Bladder, You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is _most_ important to recall that:, the patient might be significantly hypertensive., the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration., a detailed exam is needed to determine the cause., many medications interfere with blood clotting., 103. A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should, place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure., apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment., control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once., direct your partner to assist the patient’s ventilations with a bag-mask device., A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his body surface area., 18, 27, 36, 45, A 30-year-old male sustained a crushing injury when his forearm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man’s arm had already been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed, swollen, cold, and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be _most_ concerned that this patient has:, internal hemorrhage., compartment syndrome., a severe closed fracture., damage to the radial nerve., A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound?, Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing., Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position., Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport., Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing., A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and not breathing. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:, begin CPR and apply the automated external defibrillator (AED)., begin CPR and transport at once., assess for entry and exit wounds., fully immobilize his spinal column., A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:, carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial., carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing., replace the avulsed flap to its original position if it is not visibly contaminated., thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing., A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head, face, and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?, 18, 27, 30, 36, A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. A large hematoma is present on the center of his forehead, and he cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:, perform a neurologic exam., palpate his radial pulses., administer high-flow oxygen., apply ice to the hematoma., A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and not breathing. He has a 10-foot steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:, A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and not breathing. He has a 10-foot steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:, remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an automated external defibrillator, begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center., stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center., control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible., A laceration:, is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue., is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel., is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma., rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle., According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient’s burns, the palm of the patient’s hand, including their fingers, is equal to _____ of their total body surface area., 1, 25, 4, 6, Burns are classified according to:, depth and extent., location and pain., degree and location., extent and location., Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:, pediatric patients are more prone to hyperthermia., pediatric patients have a proportionately larger volume of blood., most burns in children are the result of child abuse., pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass., Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, _except_:, hoarseness., chest pressure., singed nasal hair., soot around the mouth., During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, was bitten by the 44-year-old female and has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct?, You should contact the police and have the patients arrested., The 39-year-old female is at high risk for a serious, spreading infection., The patient struck in the mouth should be immobilized., The 44-year-old female is at high risk for an infection

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