DNA - chemical that carries the genetic code , Genome - entire genetic material of an organism including mitochondrial DNA, meiosis - cell division where 2 division produce 4 haploid gametes , sexual reproduction - involves the fusion of gametes and 2 parents, asexual reproduction - no fusion of gametes and 1 parent that forms a clone, variation - the differences among individuals of the same species e.g. colour, double helix - the structure of DNA, genes - sections of DNA that code for proteins, alleles - different versions of a gene, dominant - only 1 allele needs to be inherited to be expressed in the phenotype, recessive - both alleles need to be present to be expressed in the phenotype, genotype - the genetic make up of a gene, represented by 2 letters, phenotype - the physical outcome of the genotype, homozygous - 2 of the same allele of a gene e.g. HH or hh, heterozygous - 2 different alleles for a gene e.g Hh, XX - the genotype for females, XY - the genotype for males, Polydactyly - inherited disorder with extra fingers and toes, caused by a dominant allele, cystic fibrosis - inherited disease with sticky mucus, caused by a recessive allele, natural selection - where nature selects for advantageous mutations that pre-exist in the population, selective breeding - humans allow male and females with a desired characteristic to breed and this continues over many generations, genetic engineering - inserting a desired gene from 1 species into the DNA of another, extinction - the permanent loss of all individuals of a species, fossil - the remains or impressions of an organism that dies millions of years ago, vector - a transporter e.g. bacterial plasmid transfers genes or a mosquito transports malaria, mutation - a change in the base sequence of DNA, species - A group of similar individuals that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring, domains - highest classification group, includes Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukaryota, binomial - the genus and species name given to all species,

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