Hydrophilic head - Attracts water , Hydrophobic tail - Repels water, water soluble material and polar/charged ions, Colorimeter - Machine that passes light through a liquid and measures how much is absorbed. The higher the absorbance, the more pigment is released, Temperature - Increasing ......................... increases the kinetic energy of the phospholipids, making the membrane more fluid, Cholesterol - Binds to phospholipid tails to increase rigidity of the structure (decreases fluidity). Helps to maintain structure of animal cells., Diffusion - Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, Passive - Term used to describe simple diffusion requiring no energy, Oxygen and carbon dioxide - Small, non-polar molecules that can simply diffuse through membranes, Carrier proteins - Move large molecules across membranes, down their concentration gradient, Channel proteins - Move charged ions across membranes down their electrochemical gradient, Fick's law - Diffusion depends on SAxCG/Diffusion distance, Osmosis - Diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a high water potential to a low water potential, Isotonic   - When two solutions have the same water potential, Hypertonic - Highly concentrated solution (low water potential), Hypotonic - Less concentrated solution (high water potential),

Diffusion and Osmosis

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