Fossil - are the preserved remains, or traces of remains, of ancient organisms, Paleontologist  - a scientist who studies the history of life on Earth through the fossil record., Relative Dating - is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind, in a sequence., Law of Superposition  - states that each rock layer is older than the one above it., Radiometric Dating  - is a method of dating rocks and minerals using radioactive isotopes, Cambrian Explosion  - Around 530 million years ago, a wide variety of animals burst onto the evolutionary scene in an event known as the Cambrian explosion., Plate Tectonics - a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth's subterranean movements., Natural Selection - Organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others, Artificial Selection - selective breeding describes the human selection of breeding pairs to produce favorable offspring. Example is dogs, cats, and seedless fruit varieties., Evolution - The process by which populations of living change over time, Derived Trait - those that just appeared (by mutation) in the most recent ancestor. Shared by a small group. Example would be the dark colored pocket mouse. , Ancestral Trait  - an evolutionary trait that is homologous within groups of organisms that are all descended from a common ancestor in which the trait first evolved. Shared by a large group., Homologous Structure  - Similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common ancestor , Vestigial Structure - Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor. Examples include human appendix, tail bone, wisdom teeth, Analogous Structure  - features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature. Example a birds wing compared to an insect wing., Fitness - the ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring, Charles Darwin - Father of Evolution, made observations on the Galapagos Islands of finches having different sized beaks.,

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