Consciousness - a psychological construct that varies along a continuum, broadly categorised into normal waking consciousness and altered states of consciousness (naturally occurring and induced), Measuring physiological responses to indicate level of consciousness - Includes electroencephalograph (EEG), electromyograph (EMG), electro-oculograph (EOG) and other techniques to investigate consciousness (measurement of speed and accuracy on cognitive tasks, subjective reporting of consciousness, including sleep diaries, and video monitoring), changes in a person's psychological state - levels of awareness, controlled and automatic processes, content limitations, perceptual and cognitive distortions, emotional awareness, self-control and time orientation, 24 hours sleep deprivation = - BAC of 0.10%, circadian rhythm / ultradian rhythm - 24 hour cycle (e.g. sleep/wake cycle) / less than 24 hour cycle (e.g. REM and NREM stages 1 - 4), theories of sleep  - restoration theory (we sleep to recover mentally and physically) and evolutionary (circadian) theory (we sleep as a survival mechanism to conserve energy and avoid danger), Sleep across the lifespan - As we age we sleep less, spend a lower proportion in REM sleep, and the elderly experience less deep sleep and wake more frequently, Sleep deprivation - total = getting no sleep at all / partial = not getting the quantity of quality of sleep required, Effects of partial sleep deprivation - affective (e.g. depression); behavioural (e.g. increased risk taking); and cognitive (e.g. poor memory performance), Bright light therapy - the use of a high-intensity light to advance or delay sleep and therefore treat circadian phase disorder, Mental health as a continuum - From mentally healthy to mental health problems to mental disorders. Influenced by internal and external factors that can fluctuate over time, characteristics of a mentally healthy person - high levels of functioning, social and emotional well-being and resilience to life stressors, ethical implications in the study of, and research into, mental health - includes informed consent and use of placebo treatments, Comparing stress, phobia, anxiety - Similar physiological response but while stress and anxiety can be found on the 'normal functioning' section of the continuum while people with a specific phobia have a diagnosed mental health disorder, contributing factors to specific phobias - GABA dysfunction, the role of stress response and LTP (biological); behavioural models involving precipitation by classical conditioning and perpetuation by operant conditioning, cognitive bias including memory bias and catastrophic thinking (psychological); specific environmental triggers and stigma around seeking treatment (social), treatments for phobias - use of short-acting anti-anxiety benzodiazepine agents (GABA agonists) in the management of phobic anxiety and relaxation techniques including breathing retraining and exercise (biological); the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and systematic desensitisation as psychotherapeutic treatments of phobia (psychological); psychoeducation for families/supporters with reference to challenging unrealistic or anxious thoughts and not encouraging avoidance behaviours (social), resilience - the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or even significant sources of stress, protective factors for mental health - adequate diet and sleep (biological); cognitive behavioural strategies (psychological); support from family, friends and community (social),

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