sub program - a procedure or function, function - returns a single value, procedure - performs a sequence of instructions that produce an effect, local variable - declared within a sub program, global variable - declared out with any sub programs, actual parameter - included when the sub program is called, formal parameter - included where the sub program is named and defined, modularity - breaking a program into logical blocks called sub programs, acts as a placeholder for values passed  - formal parameter, fixed loop - will repeat a known amount of times, conditional loop - will repeats an unknown amount of times, syntax error - breaks the rules of the language, stops the program from running, logical error - an error in the code which can result in the wrong output, execution error - crashes the program eg by trying to read past the end of a file or array, if statement - allows program to make decision which determines which instruction is executed next, sequential file - a text or csv file from which data can be read in the order it was written, standard algorithm - a set of steps to perform a task, program constructs - sequence, selection, repetition, assignment, concatenation, concatenation - joins strings together with no spaces, assignment - setting a variable to a value,

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