Has many practical uses It does not rust It takes high polish - Brass, Used for casting and forging It can be worked into a variety of unique and exciting forms - Lead, The newest addition to the list of metal mediums. - Aluminums, Materials found in the locality and are widely used for both sculpture and architecture purposes. Many of them are parts of plants, trees, and fruits - Indigenous Materials , materials that refers to the outer covering of bamboo poles as a woven material for cement. - Sawali, product material of a coconut used as sandwich panels’ insulation. - CoCo Coir, a sugar cane waste used for cement backing. - Bagasse, a fiber material obtained from the leafstalk of a banana plant. - Abaca, used for building nipa huts as walls or foundation. The use of it can lead to substantial savings since it can be found in the environment. - Bamboo, used for non-structural panela, certain walls, screen and base of the house. - Palms Fronds Stem , materials that have beneficial effect in hot, dry climates. - Mud Bricks, a more dominant and a very popular building material used at present for building structures and houses. - Concrete, hard and brittle substance formed from mineral and earth material. - Stones, granular igneous rock composed of feldspars and quarts. - Granite, hard and black in its color. Mostly used in spas and massage healing centers. - Basalt, Fine, soft, even texture, and ideal for sculpture. - Limestone and Sandstone, a limestone in a more or less crystalline state. - Marble, composed of angular fragments used for flooring - Brecciated, variegated or perfect angle often used in planes. - Serpentine, Fine and colorful stone, usually green and widely used in China. - Jade, It comes from a the main parts of tusk of elephants. The white substances are used to make carvings, piano keys, and billiard balls. - Ivory, Manufactured in many ways with the use of clay. - Ceramic Materials , a natural earthy material that has the nature of plasticity when wet. - Clay, known as “Baked Earth”. It is easily broken. - Terra Cotta, used for brick-a-back, figurine, and dentures. - Porcelain, It is a hard brittle used as covering and panelling. It is used to make beautiful yet fragile figurines. - Glass, Used extensively for making manikins, molds, architectural decorations and other indoor sculpture. - Plaster, A material transformed by chemical process. It is lightweight, easy to handle and remarkably scratch and strain resistant. - Plastic, a casting material for small pieces only. Rare and very expensive material Historically, used as religious and personal adornments. - Gold and Silver, most popular metals for sculpture because it possess atmospheric corrosion. - Bronze, Metal used as a casting medium. It is reddish in color, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and normally shaped by hammering. - Cooper , Characterized by capacity, ductility, conductivity and peculiar luster when freshly fractured. - Metal, The softest and most available and used material. Easier to carve Treated to preserve it’s quality. - Wood , Physical needs Emotional needs Psychosocial needs Intellectual needs - Person's Needs, An art of designing a building and supervising its construction. A shelter to serve as protection of all activities in men A creation for the fulfillment of man’s need. - Architecture , integrated with the sculpture It is used to create and decorate or embellish many architectural structure. - Medium in Sculpture , Refers to the making of any artwork or products that came from one’s expression of creativity and imagination that is for pure aesthetic reason. It came from the french word “artise” that refers to creative professionals; ranging from painting, sculpture, music, and performing arts. - Artist, They produce crafts out of the imagination and creation of the artist. It came from the Italian word “Artigiano” that refers to a skilled craft worker who creates or makes things by hand either for function or even for aesthetic purposes. - Artisans, When it comes to production, technique, and medium, ARTIST are more free and able to explore and manipulate its mediums and applies freely the technique. Whereas, ARTISANS, commits its work with the aid and instruction from the artist, the techniques, and procedures. There is limitations to minimize errors. - TRUE, It refers to materials used in the work of art. - Medium, It refers to the ability of the artist to make his medium works for him to produce effects for his artwork that he cannot possibly attain by any other means. - Technique, It is the process of applying pigment on a smooth surface securing interesting arrangement of forms, lines, and colors. It is made of Pigments that supplies the colors. and requires the liquid to the pigments before applying it to the flat surface - Painting Mediums, Oldest painting medium -made from bee’s wax and ressin - Encaustic, One of the oldest painting medium -It is made of earth or mineral pigments mixed with egg yolks and white egg. - Tempera, is a method of painting where egg in tempera is used to build volume, then glazed with oil paints mixed with resin--- producing a jewel-like effect. - Panel or Mixed Painting , Earth pigments + Water on a plaster (Plaster is damp) Color sinks into the surface and becomes an integral part of the wall. For Asians, there’s this what we call “Fresco Secco) - Fresco, Made out of pure pigment bound with gum Arabic. It is done in one sitting. Gouaches is material in the paint in which the pigment has been mixed with chalk like material--- making the paint opaque. - Water Color , Thick pigment that requires the application or turpentine or any solvent before application. -Slow to dry. -Can be changed (It can be worked over a long period of time. - Oil, a 3 dimensional character, a technique used in oil, by dabbing the lumps of thick paint on the canvas with a knife. - Impasto, a synthetic paint used as binder. The newest medium With quick drying characters of watercolors and oil. Does not crack, turn yellow or darken with age - Acrylic, an art form utilizing spray paint and performed in poster board or wood or even in food like cake. Traditionally called “graffiti”. - Spray Paint, It is only related to painting because it create s pictures on flat surface. It’s a floor or wall decoration made of small cubes or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass called “Tesserae. Purpose of which is to inspire and for religious purposes. - Mosaic, An artwork that creates pictures on a flat surface with the use of glass into pieces. Commonly seen in gothic cathedrals It allows lights It depicts scenes from the bible. - Stained Glass, These are fabrics into which colored designs have bee woven. It added colors to the drab interiors. It serves to retain in the room whatever heat was generated from the fireplace. It is added to the features of every home to provide privacy and illusion of space . - Tapestry, This is the most fundamental of all skills needed in arts. “Study” for the sake of learning or investigation. “Sketch” showing the general organization or design of a product being planned. “Cartoon” Pencil- is a medium made of lead of which it comes in different hardnness. Oldest materials that is still in used is “Ink” - Drawing, A dark brown ink coming from the innk sac of the squid. - Sepia, A gray brown ink made from the soot produced by burning some woods. - Bistre, Solid stick dissolved in water before used. - Chinise Ink, A drawing medium made of dry pigment held together with a gum binder and compressed into sticks. - Pastel and Chalk , A drawing medium that comes from a burned twig or wood - Charcoal, A drawing medium made of pigments bounded by wax and compressed into sticks - Crayons, A pointed instrument or a silver wire drawn over a sheet of paper prepared beforehand with zinc white - Silver Point , The use of black or any color of velvet cloth in support for paper, silk or any materials as its canvas. The velvet provides dark backgrounds. - Velvet Painting, To provide Illusion od depth, colors, and meaning to the work. - Painting Technique , Layers of wet paint are applied to previous layers of wet paint. - Wet-on-wet, Characterized by strong difference between light and dark. To achieve volume. - Chiaroscuro, To create a perception of depth. It means “smoky” It overlays translucent layers of colors or tones Goal= no perceptible transition Smooth - Sfumato, From the French verb which means “to push-back”. It puts a figure in or object in the extreme foreground. To increase illusion of depth and focus on the subject. - Repoussoir, It originated as early as 3500 BCE in Persia - Print Making, involves cutting away from a block of wood the portions of designs the artist does not want to show. - Relief, a planographic that make use immiscibility of water and grease. - Lithography, Image or design is scratched or engraved into a metal plate. - Intaglio, also known as serigraphy creates a bold color using stencil technique. - Screen, The art of carving wood. - Xylography, The oldest form of graphic art. - Stencil Printing , incising lines into hard surface. - Engraving, r e f e r r e d t o a s d r y p ain tin g . It i s the a rt o f p o u rin g c o l o r e d s a n d s o nto s u r f a c e to m a ke a p ainti n g . - Sand Painting , drawing or writing with light. -It is the actual likeness, the production of which is the artist’s creativity - Photography, Choosing the subject Mechanical process Chemical process - 3 Steps in Photography , e ditio n o f im a g e s c reated wit h a c o m p uter u sin g d r a win g s , o t h e r p rints , p h o t o g r a p h s , a n d s o o n . - Digital Prints, from the french word “trick the eye” It is a new unique art technique that is used and involved in creating extremely realistic imagery. It can be used as a theater backdrop. - Tarpaulin, Process of fine art prints from adigital source using ink-jet printing - Giclee, Series of images that represents a continuous scene - Cyclorama, the exact replica -they draw images that are accurate and real that does not need interpretation. -For other forms of art, the scenes will depict the realities of life. What you see is what you get - Realism, fin d s it s m e a nin g wit h t h e a r tis t. -It is a m a n n e r o r t h e p r o c e s s o f sim plif yin g a n d r e - o r g a nizin g o b j e c t s a n d ele m e n t s eit h e r wit h s h a p e s o r c olo r. -It refers to visual artw o r k s t h a t m o v e b e y o n d r e alit y a s c o n t r a s t e d t o r e alis m. - Abstractionism, Common characteristic of this art comprises the two dimensional surface, emphasizing the flat, and rejecting the traditional forms. -The artist projection of cubism illustrated fragmented objects . -They use cone, sphere, and cylinder as pictorial elements of their desired output - Cubism, There is an alteration of the shape, forms its orginal form like twisted or bent out of shape from regular condition. -Distorted paintings include a person’s body parts like nose, eyes, and face. - Distortion, Introduced by Dadaist artist around 1918. -Literally not appealing to the audience. -Common characteristic are objects or persons who are severely injured, mutilated, slashed, or disfigured. - Mangling, It is known as color field or action painting because work of art becomes an “event” -Characteristics of messiness, exceptionally energetic application of paint. Which includes spontaneity, free, and personal emotional expression. - Abstract Expressionism , It is a way of representing the subject by combining realism and distortion. -It involves a lot of contradictions of situations of reality and that of absolute reality. -Super realism -The art movement start at 1900 -It was used to reunite the conscious and unconscious realms of experiences as the worlds of fantasy and dreams are merged to the rational living - Surrealism, There is employment of colors as mentioned in symbolism art. -Bright to express joy, happiness, and freedom -would not likely use dark colors. Largely influenced by Matisse. identified themselves as “wild beast” - Fauvism, Started as protest against the arts Switzerland. -Dada means “hobby horse” which technically means non-sensical way of presenting art. -Dada works often show rejection of logic, zeroing on none-sense, intuition, and irrationality. -This has led artist to express more due to their anger as they perceived society’s senseless war and unjust condition. -They have intended their art to express offensive and provoke artistry and political elites. - Dadaism, the brushwork is typically free and the applied paint has the tendency to be generous and textured highly. -The artist let the viewers to see the depiction of the subjects with swirling and swaying brushstrokes. -It seeks to picture subjective emotions and in effect, viewers often see the work as emotional and mystical. - Expressionism, Characterized by technology, modernity, youth and speed are observed here. -Common objects includes airplane and urbanized city. -Dynamism -Adoption of technology - Futurism, Even the colors used in an artwork signify meaning and their utilization convey significance in an artists’ work. -White for purity -Red for violence -Black may mean something evil. - Symbolism, A subject that is represented and referred to its literal statement or narrative content. - Factual Meaning, When an artist provides personal meaning to it’s work. - Subjective Meaning , The special meaning that a certain object has for a particular culture, society or group of people. - Conventional Meaning , pertains to the “complex whole” of ideas and things produced by people in their existence. It is a set of values, beliefs and attitudes that a person or group of individuals may possess. - Culture, Culture is an accumulation of shared knowledge, experiences, values, attitudes, hierarchies, meanings, beliefs, notions of time and space, material objects acquired by people in a contiguous space through generations - Culture and Arts,

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