1) What is the first phase of the cell cycle? a) S phase b) G1 phase c) M phase d) G2 phase 2) During which phase does DNA replication occur? a) G1 phase b) S phase c) M phase d) G2 phase 3) What is the last stage of mitosis? a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase 4) What is the process called when sister chromatids separate? a) Synapsis b) Disjunction c) Fusion d) Cytokinesis 5) How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 6) Which phase is known as the "daily living phase"? a) Prophase b) Interphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase 7) What is the role of the mitotic spindle? a) To dissolve the nucleus b) To align chromosomes c) To replicate DNA d) To form new cells 8) In what type of reproduction does a single parent produce offspring? a) Sexual reproduction b) Asexual reproduction c) Fertilization d) Pollination 9) What is the smallest unit of biological organization? a) Cell b) Tissue c) Atom d) Organ 10) What forms the tissues in organisms? a) Atoms b) Cells c) Organs d) Molecules 11) Which method is NOT a type of asexual reproduction? a) Binary fission b) Budding c) Fertilization d) Fragmentation 12) . What is formed when sperm and egg cells unite? a) Zygote b) Chromatid c) Gamete d) Nucleus 13) In which phase do chromosomes align in the center of the cell? a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase 14) How many chromosomes do the daughter cells have after meiosis compared to the parent? a) Double b) The same c) Half d) Triple 15) Which of the following is part of an organ system? a) Cell b) Tissue c) Organ d) Atom 16) What occurs during cytokinesis? a) DNA replication b) Cell division c) Chromosome alignment d) Mitotic spindle formation 17) What is the final result of mitosis? a) Two identical daughter cells b) Four different daughter cells c) One identical daughter cell d) No daughter cells 18) Which phase immediately follows G2 in the cell cycle? a) S phase b) M phase c) G1 phase d) Cytokinesis 19) What process involves the fusion of gametes? a) Mitosis b) Meiosis c) Fertilization d) Budding 20) Which is a characteristic of sexual reproduction? a) Produces clones b) Involves one parent c) Genetic diversity d) No gametes involved 21) What is the main function of a microscope? a) To magnify objects b) To heat objects c) To cool objects d) To illuminate objects 22) Who is known for developing the compound microscope? a) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek b) Robert Hooke c) Isaac Newton d) Albert Einstein 23) Which microscope uses light to magnify objects? a) Scanning electron microscope b) Transmission electron microscope c) Light microscope d) Digital microscope 24) What is the role of the eyepiece lens in a microscope? a) To hold the specimen b) To provide light c) To focus the image d) To look through 25) Which part of the microscope is used to adjust the focus? a) Eyepiece b) Objective lens c) Coarse adjustment knob d) Light source 26) What is the function of the diaphragm in a microscope? a) To increase magnification b) To regulate light c) To hold the slide d) To clean the lens 27) Which type of microscope uses electrons to view objects? a) Light microscope b) Compound microscope c) Scanning electron microscope d) Simple microscope 28) What does magnification refer to in microscopy? a) The distance between lenses b) The size of an object compared to its actual size c) The color of the object d) The weight of the object 29) How should a microscope be transported? a) By the eyepiece b) By the base and arm c) By the stage d) By the objective lens 30) What is the primary use of the fine adjustment knob? a) To move the stage b) To change lenses c) To fine-tune the focus d) To increase light intensity 31) What does the term "resolution" refer to in microscopy? a) The size of the object b) How detailed the image appears c) The weight of the object d) The color of the image 32) What is the function of the stage on a microscope? a) To hold the light source b) To support the slide c) To contain the lenses d) To adjust magnification 33) What does the light source do in a microscope? a) Holds the specimen b) Provides illumination c) Cleans the lens d) Adjusts focus 34) Which scientist is associated with the invention of the microscope? a) Galileo Galilei b) Charles Darwin c) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek d) Nikola Tesla 35) What does the term "depth of field" refer to in microscopy? a) The weight of the specimen b) The distance the specimen can be moved and still remain in focus c) The color of the specimen d) The size of the specimen 36) Which microscope part connects the eyepiece to the objectives? a) Stage b) Arm c) Body tube d) Base 37) What is the primary difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes? a) Light microscopes use electrons b) Electron microscopes use light c) Light microscopes use lenses d) Electron microscopes use electrons 38) Which part of the microscope holds the slide in place? a) Diaphragm b) Clips c) Eyepiece d) Base 39) What is the function of the objective lens in a microscope? a) To focus the image b) . To hold the specimen c) To provide illumination d) To magnify the object 40) How should a microscope be stored when not in use? a) Without any covers b) With the eyepieces removed c) With a dust cover d) In bright sunlight 41) What is the primary role of producers in an ecosystem? a) To consume other organisms b) To decompose organic matter c) To create food through photosynthesis d) To hunt and gather food 42) Which of the following is a primary consumer? a) Owl b) Grasshopper c) Snake d) Fox 43) What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next? a) 50 b) 25 c) 10 d) 5 44) Which of the following best describes an autotroph? a) An organism that hunts other animals for food b) An organism that eats only plants c) An organism that makes its own food d) An organism that eats dead material 45) In a food chain, which organism typically receives the least amount of energy? a) Producer b) Primary Consumer c) Secondary Consumer d) Tertiary Consumer 46) What is the correct order of a simple food chain from bottom to top? a) Producer → Primary Consumer → Secondary Consumer → Tertiary Consumer b) Tertiary Consumer → Producer → Primary Consumer → Secondary Consumer c) Secondary Consumer → Producer → Tertiary Consumer → Primary Consumer d) Primary Consumer → Producer → Tertiary Consumer → Secondary Consumer 47) What is a biotic component of an ecosystem? a) Soil b) Water c) Decomposers d) Sunlight 48) Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer? a) Grass b) Rabbit c) Frog d) Bacteria 49) Which process do plants use to make food from sunlight? a) Respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Fermentation d) Digestion 50) What happens to most of the energy as it moves up the trophic levels? a) It is gained b) It is stored c) It is lost as heat d) It disappears 51) Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? a) Trees b) Fish c) Temperature d) Birds 52) What term describes an organism's position in the food chain? a) Trophic level b) Food web c) Energy flow d) Ecological niche 53) Which organism is a producer? a) Snake b) Grass c) Eagle d) Mouse 54) Which of the following animals is a tertiary consumer? a) Rabbit b) Grasshopper c) Frog d) Hawk 55) What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem? a) To create energy b) To break down dead material c) To produce oxygen d) To provide shelter 56) In the energy pyramid, which level has the most energy? a) Tertiary consumers b) Secondary consumers c) Primary consumers d) Producers 57) What is the main source of energy for most ecosystems? a) Water b) Soil c) Sunlight d) Air 58) Which of the following is an example of a food chain? a) Plant → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake b) Frog → Plant → Snake → Grasshopper c) Snake → Frog → Plant → Grasshopper d) Grasshopper → Snake → Frog → Plant 59) What role do primary consumers play in an ecosystem? a) They consume producers b) They decompose organic matter c) They produce energy d) They hunt tertiary consumers 60) What is the structural and functional unit of life in an environment where biotic and abiotic factors work together? a) Habitat b) Ecosystem c) Population d) Community

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