Convection Cells - A circular pattern of air (or liquid) movement caused by density differences, where warm, less dense air rises and cool, denser air sinks., Solar radiation - Energy from the Sun that heats the Earth’s surface unevenly, driving air mass movement and convection cells., Earth's rotation - The spinning of the Earth, which affects air movement through the Coriolis effect, influencing the direction of air currents and breaking the circulation into three convective cells., Coriolis Effect - The apparent deflection of moving air or water due to Earth’s rotation, causing air to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere., Hadley Cell - A convection cell located near the Equator (0-30 degrees latitude). Warm air rises at the Equator due to intense solar heating, creating a low-pressure zone, and descends around 30 degrees latitude, forming high-pressure zones., Ferrell Cell - A convection cell between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. Warm air from the Equator moves toward higher latitudes, rises near 60 degrees latitude when meeting cold air from the poles, creating the Polar Front, where weather events originate., Polar Cell - A convection cell between the poles and 60 degrees latitude. Cold, dense air sinks at the poles and moves toward the Equator, rising again at 60 degrees latitude, completing the cell., Polar Front - The boundary at around 60 degrees latitude where warm air from lower latitudes meets cold air from the poles, causing air to rise and leading to weather phenomena., Closed Loop Cell - A convection cell driven by a heat source (e.g., the Equator in Hadley cells) or a heat sink (e.g., the poles in Polar cells), where air circulates in a complete loop. Hadley and Polar cells are examples of closed cells., Open Loop Cell - A convection cell that does not have a specific heat source or sink. The Ferrel cell is an open cell, and its air movement runs in the reverse direction of the Hadley and Polar cells., Latent Heat - The heat energy released when water vapor condenses into liquid, which carries energy within convection cells, particularly in the Ferrel cell., Air Mass - A large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and humidity, involved in the movement and circulation within convection cells., High Pressure Zone - An area where cooler, denser air descends, such as around 30 degrees latitude in Hadley cells, leading to stable atmospheric conditions., Low Pressure Zone - An area where warmer, less dense air rises, such as near the Equator, often associated with stormy weather and convection activity., Condensation - The process by which water vapor changes into liquid, releasing latent heat that contributes to convection and the movement of air in the atmosphere.,

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