Task-based Learning (TBL) - This approach focuses on getting students to perform activities that are tasks with outcomes of their own, and then afterward the teacher and students explore aspects of language use that have come up during the activities., Communicative Approach - This is a way of teaching that concentrates on the idea of communicating through language rather than learning rules and forms. It overlaps with other approaches on the list., Total Physical Response (TPR) - This approach, often used more with beginners, is based on the teacher presenting language as instructions for things the students have to do physically., Grammar Translation - This way of teaching is based on getting students to translate words and verb forms into their L1 and often focuses particularly on reading and writing activities., Guided Discovery - This approach for teaching means that the teacher provides students with examples—texts, recordings, etc.—of the target language and gets students to work out the rules together for themselves., Test-Teach-Test - This approach to teaching usually focuses on new language. There is a first assessment, which establishes some kind of gap or need in the students’ knowledge. Then the teacher presents new language and finally gives a second assessment, which measures the success of the learning of the new language., Lexical Approach - This way of teaching focuses on the way words and phrases (rather than verb tenses, etc.) are grouped together and encourages students to build their knowledge of the language in this way., Presentation, Practice and Production (PPP) - This approach provides input of new language, guided repetition, and controlled practice before giving students freer opportunities to use the language in creative ways., Immersive Learning - A teaching style in which learners are fully immersed in the target language, and all lessons are delivered in the L2. Students are encouraged to learn through context, interaction, and meaning rather than direct translation or grammar-focused activities., Direct Method - A teacher-centered approach where students learn through listening and repeating language in a fully immersive, conversational setting. Grammar rules are taught indirectly through practice rather than explicit explanation.,

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