In the world of IT, ____ are essential tools used to store, organize, and manage data efficiently. A ____ database organizes data into tables made up of rows and columns. Each row represents a ____, and each column is a ____. For example, in a customer table, a single record might contain fields such as CustomerID, Name, Email. Popular relational database management systems include ____, Oracle. On the other hand, a ____ database, also known as ____, stores data in formats like key-value pairs, documents, wide-columns, or graphs. These databases, such as MongoDB or Cassandra, are designed to handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data. To ____ data from a relational database, we use ____, often written in SQL (Structured Query Language). To improve performance, databases use ____. It is a data structure that helps speed up the retrieval of records by allowing the database engine to find data without scanning the entire table. Databases also support ____ (adding new records), ____ (removing records), and ____ (combining data from multiple tables). Other important concepts include primary keys, foreign keys, constraints, schemas, and normalization — all critical for maintaining data integrity and consistency.

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