Genotype - The set of alleles present in each cell of an organism, Phenotype - The observable characteristics of an organism determined by their genotype and environment, Allele - Different forms of a gene, Gene pool - The total sum of genes and alleles present in a population or species at one time, Mutation - A permanent change to a DNA sequence, Population - A group of individuals of the same species living in the same location, Genetic diversity - The variation in genetic makeup or alleles within a population, Mutagen - An agent that can cause mutations in DNA, Point mutation - A mutation that alters a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence, Block mutation - A mutation that affects a large chunk of DNA, or an entire gene, Silent mutation - A mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another, changing the coding, but still coding for the same amino acid, Missense mutation - A mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another, changing the codon and coding for a different amino acidg , Nonsense mutation - A mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another, changing the codon to a stop codon, Frameshift mutation - A mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotides, altering every codon from that point forward, Deletion - A block mutation where a section of DNA is removed, Duplication - A block mutation where a section of DNA is replicated, lengthening the DNA, Inversion - A block mutation where a section of DNA is reversed within the chromosome, Translocation - A block mutation where a section of DNA is switched between two different chromosomes, Aneuploidy - The presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, Polyploidy - A condition where an organism has more than one pair of chromosomes,

Genetics key terms

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