anyway - marks a shift away from a topic., actually - indicates that what you are saying is a surprise to you or is the opposite of what might be imagined or introduces the opposite response to what someone wants or expects., as I was saying - continuing a theme after a change of subject., absolutely - used as a stronger way of saying yes, exactly - used to emphasise what you mean., mind you - used to highlight or stress something you said to avoid misunderstanding., you know - indicates that what you’re saying is known by the listener. or to check they understand with a question mark. Also used as a filler while you’re thinking of what to say next., I mean - introduces a statement to justify what you’ve said., sort of/ kind of - used to describe that something is partly true but it’s not the entire explanation. Or that something is difficult to explain entirely.,

discourse markers and their functions

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