Summary: Write an introductory sentence which includes general information on the text (e.g. author, title) and the main issue., Use paraphrasing: use your own words , do not copy phrases or sentences directly from the original., Focus on the essentials, do not include irrelevant details., Use the simple present tense!, Analysis: Write a transition: Make a central claim, e.g. in form of a hypothesis, Structure your text logically, e.g. write paragraphs about certain devices, but do not follow the structure of the original text to avoid repetition., Always combine the findings on language or structure with specific content or message from the original text - be precise!, Always give evidence from the original text, e.g. quotes or text reference., Use formal and neutral language., End with a conclusion that does not only sum up your findings, but also evaluates your hypothesis on a more abstract level. , Discussion: Write an interesting discussion that wins the attention of your reader and clearly states the thesis or controversy you will discuss., Look at the "problem" from one side, e.g. first focus the arguments in favour of the issue, before you then consider the problem from the other side., Always try to give evidence to back up the arguments, e.g. facts or figures or allusion to expert opinions., Use persuasive language: rhetorical strategies help to convince your reader, e.g. emotional appeals or logical reasoning., Conclude your text with a final paragrph that sums up both sides and evaluate which position seems more justified to you.,

Mastering written exams in English

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