1) Outline the process of endocytosis. 2) Describe the consequence of a base substitution mutation with regards to sickle cell anaemia. 3) Explain how meiosis and fertilization can give rise to genetic variety. 4) Compare, with the aid of a diagram, the structure of generalized prokaryotic and eukaryotic animal cells. 5) Explain the process of translation. 6) List four functions of proteins, giving an example of each. 7) Explain how the structure and properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes. 8) Describe the significance of water to living organisms. 9) Explain the use of two named enzymes in biotechnology. 10) Describe the process of active transport. 11) Draw diagrams to show the four stages of mitosis in an animal cell with four chromosomes. 12) Outline the differences between the behaviour of the chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis. 13) Explain the similarities and differences in anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration. 14) Outline enzyme-substrate specificity. 15) Outline the differentiation of cells in a multicellular organism. 16) Outline the effect of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis. 17) Discuss possible exceptions to the cell theory. 18) Compare DNA transcription with translation. 19) Discuss the ethical issues for and against the use of transgenic plants. 20) Outline a basic technique for gene transfer involving plasmids. 21) Explain how energy enters a community, flows through it and is eventually lost. 22) Outline one example of inheritance involving multiple alleles. 23) Outline the effects of putting plant tissue in a hypertonic solution. 24) Explain how parents who do not show signs of such a disease can produce a child with the disease 25) Explain the process of transcription in eukaryotes. 26) Outline the structure of DNA. 27) Outline sex linkage. 28) Describe the genetic code. 29) Discuss the ethical arguments for and against the cloning of humans. 30) Distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins, giving one example of each.

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