Air pollution - It occurs when there is an accumulation of substances in the atmosphere in such concentrations that they become part of the air we breathe., Water pollution - This is the introduction of chemicals and physical or biological materials into fresh water. The largest sources are the dumping of industrial waste and treated sewage into lakes and rivers, and the run-off from fertilisers., Land pollution - It arises from dumping toxic waste products. It damages the earth’s land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping and the haphazard disposal of urban waste., Noise pollution - People who live near airports, train stations or factories can actually be harmed by this., Hazardous  - Poisonous by-product of manufacturing, farming, sewerage systems, construction sites, motor vehicle garages, laboratories and hospitals., Conservation - ... deals with the sustainable use and management of both renewable and non-renewable resources to ensure that they are available for use for future generations., Preservation - Keeping something intact., Externalities - These are the extra costs and benefits that are not captured by market transactions., Environmental sustainability - Means the ability of the environment to survive its use for economic activity., Green taxes - Imposed on the output of a good, wherever external environmental costs are generated., Marketable permits - Each business is given a license to emit a share of the chemical pollutants., Command and Control - Measures entail the setting of maximum permitted levels of, (e.g.) emission (carbon dioxide), or resource use (tons of fish) or minimum acceptable levels of environmental quality (in plantations), Biodiversity loss - If species become extinct (die out completely), this cannot be reversed., CITES - Sets many policies to deal with species loss, Kyoto protocol - International agreement to limit the production of greenhouse gases, Local capacity building - Finding a way for indigenous people to earn a living in their traditional environment)., Basel convention - International agreement to manage nuclear waste., Stockholm protocol - UN agreement to limit chemical waste., Soil erosion - The wearing of the top layer of soil through wind, water etc, Pollution - It is the introduction of waste matter into the environment, both directly and indirectly.,

Environmental Sustainability

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