____ approaches to learning emphasise the study of observable behaviour alone to understand and explain ____, without regard to underlying mental processes and states such as thoughts, feelings, motives and consciousness. ____ is learning that occurs through repeated association of two (or more) different stimuli. Learning is said to have occurred when a stimulus consistently produces a response that it did not previously produce. ____ is when the consequences of behaviour determine the likelihood that it will be performed again. Unlike classical conditioning (which involves ____responses that are automatically elicited by a stimulus, operant conditioning involves ____ responses. Both CC and OC are considered ____ processes, that occur in a ____ sequence. While behaviourist approaches emphasise learning through ____ of different ____, ____ approaches emphasise the social context in which learning occurs and cognitive processes that influence the individual and the learning process. ____ learning involves the ____ of information, skills or behaviour through watching the performance of others, either directly or indirectly via some form of media or other means. Learning is said to occur when someone uses observation of a ____ actions and the ____ of those actions to guide their future actions. The three-phase model of operant conditioning has three parts that occur in a specific sequence: antecedent, a stimulus that occurs before the actions the behaviour, that occurs due to the stimulus the consequence to the action. We consider the behaviour to be reinforced when it is more likely to be repeated. We consider the behaviour ____ when it is less likely to be repeated. For example, a car stopped at a red traffic light at a busy intersection. When the traffic light turns green, the car is driven through the intersection. In this situation, the green traffic light is the ____ stimulus that prompts the ____ of gently pressing on the accelerator for the known, likely and desirable ____ of safely travelling across the intersection. This driver has been ____ ____, and is more likely to complete the action again. ____ is often described as a learning process that occurs in a series of three phases or stages — ____ conditioning, ____ conditioning and ____ conditioning. Five key terms are used to explain the entire process. These are known as the unconditioned stimulus, the ____ response, the ____ stimulus that becomes a conditioned ____, and the conditioned ____. The ____ is any stimulus that consistently produces a particular, naturally occurring, ____ response. The ____ is the response that occurs when the UCS is presented. A UCR is a ____ ____ response caused by a UCS. The neutral stimulus (NS) is any stimulus that does not normally produce a ____ response. In particular, this stimulus is ‘neutral’ to the UCR. Through ____ association with the UCS, the originally neutral stimulus becomes a ____ stimulus that triggers a very similar or identical response to that caused by the UCS. Therefore, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is the stimulus that is ‘neutral’ at the start of the conditioning process but eventually elicits a very similar response to that caused by the UCS — a response that has become a conditioned response. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ ways of ____ and learning are ____ and relational to ____ – the land, waterways and seas to which they are connected through ancestral ties and family origins. The ____ to Country is spiritual and physical, including responsibility for physical safeguarding of the land. Connection to ____, the relationship to each other, animals and plant life, and the earth, are integral in the cultures of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. When human beings interact as communal people, the connection to each other and the modelling of behaviours in ‘natural’ contexts are picked up and replicated generationally. Basically, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people ____ behaviours to their young people, those young people in return mimic and replicate the same or similar ____.

Psych Learning Theories Intro

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