Climate - The average weather pattern in a particular place or region over a long period of time, including averages of precipitation, temperature, humidity, and other atmospheric conditions., Weather - The daily or short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific locality, including changes in temperature, precipitation, wind, brightness, and humidity., Latitude - A factor that affects climate; the distance from the Equator, where solar heating is greatest, and the poles, where it is weakest, influencing temperature patterns., Altitude - The height above sea level. As altitude increases, air pressure decreases, leading to lower temperatures, which affects local climate., Greenhouse Gases - Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) that trap heat in the atmosphere by re-radiating infrared radiation, contributing to a warmer climate., Orographic Lifting - The process by which air is forced to rise over a mountain or ridge, cooling as it rises due to pressure differences, which can lead to cloud formation and precipitation., Dew Point - The temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and condensation begins, often leading to cloud formation and precipitation., Earth's Tilt - The inclination of Earth’s axis, which causes different regions to receive varying amounts of solar energy at different times of the year, leading to seasons, Landforms - Features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains and ridges, that affect local weather patterns, especially through orographic lifting., Rain shadow - A dry area on the leeward side of a mountain or ridge, where descending air loses its moisture and warms, resulting in dry, warm conditions., Adiabatic Heating - The warming of air as it descends in the atmosphere due to increasing atmospheric pressure, which compresses the air mass and raises its temperature., Leeward Side - The side of a mountain or ridge that is sheltered from the wind, where descending air tends to be warmer and drier, often resulting in a rain shadow., Ocean Currents - Large-scale movements of warm or cold surface waters, affecting climate by distributing heat. Examples include the Gulf Stream and Bay of Plenty.,

ESS Atmosphere Climate and Weather

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