the ____ is a quick, automatic response to certain kinds of stimuli that involves neurons only in the spinal nerves and spinal cord. the ____ helps maintain homeostasis and integrates all body activities by sensing changes in the internal and external environments The nervous system uses the ____ to convey information along the neuron. The nerve impulse is an action potential. The distribution of ____ maintained by the action of carrier proteins in the membrane called sodium-potassium pumps A ____ is a rapid change in polarity across the axon membrane as the nerve impulse occurs. It is an all or nothing phenomenon. ____ involve the contraction of skeletal muscles, while autonomic reflexes, which are usually not perceived, involve the response of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Reflexes allow for protection and survival. The ____ of the PNS regulates the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. ____ onsists of preganglionic neurons whose cell bodies are located in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, and the preganglionic neurons are shorter than the postganglionic neurons. ____ is a mood disorder cause by psychological, biological and environmental factors. Variations in multiple genes interaction with environmental stressors can trigger depression. ____ Regulates movement, emotion, motivation and feelings of pleasure.

topic 11

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