1) Boys tend to play more sport than girls. a) The writer thinks only boys play sport (no hedging) b) The writer isn't sure if ALL boys play more sport than girls in every situation (he'll hedge to show uncertainty) c) The writer is certain boys play more sport than girls in all situations. 2) The river seems to look healthy at first glance... a) The writer is certain that the river is healthy (no hedging). b) The writer is unsure whether the river is completely healthy. (hedging) c) The writer disagrees - with certainty - it's a 100% polluted river (no hedging) d) The writer is neutral - reports the facts/general truth. 3) The increase in lung illnesses may indicate potentially increased air pollution in the city. a) The writer thinks all lung illness are caused by air pollution - no hedging b) The writer is fairly sure the increase in lung illness is caused by increased air pollution but perhaps not in all cases - hedging needed. c) The writer thinks there's no relationship between air pollution and lung lillness - no hedging 4) Martins (2003) proves that consuming too much alcohol can lead to high blood pressure. a) The writer states with certainty (no hedging) / neutral reporting of accepted fact b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees with certainty (no hedging) 5) Girls don't like video games. a) Overstatement - no hedging - can be disproven. b) The writer is hedging c) The writer agrees d) The writer disagrees 6) Education will solve world conflict (war) a) Overstatement - not universally true - can be disproven. b) The writer is hedging c) The writer agrees d) The writer disagrees 7) Improved international co-operation and trade may, possibly, reduce conflicts. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer disagrees & hedges. 8) Generally speaking, the premise that poverty is because someone isn't working hard enough is a very ignorant notion. a) The writer agrees with certainty, no hedging language. b) The writer disagrees with the original statement & uses hedging language to allow for exceptions in his idea. c) The writer is neutral 9) It's probable that these unexpected results could be related to the rise in greenhouse emissions. a) The writer is not hedging b) The writer is hedging, he's fairly certain but allows for error. c) The writer is neutral 10) Global poverty rates have declined in recent decades due to economic growth and social programs (Jones, 2018; Lee & Martinez, 2020; Patel et al., 2021). a) The states with certainty - no heding, neutral reporting b) The writer is hedging and agreeing. c) The writer disagrees but is hedging 11) It seems increasingly likely that AI will be incorporated into school life. a) The writer agrees - no hedging. b) The writer is hedging - he's talking about the future, can't be sure. c) The writer disagrees - with hedging. d) The writer is neutral and is relaying the facts. 12) Chomsky (1986) argues that humans possess an innate and unique ability to learn language. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral - he simply restates the work of another. 13) Humans are, arguably, the smartest animals on our planet. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral 14) There is clear evidence that pollution impacts human health. a) The writer states with certainty - no hedging - neutral b) The writer is hedging c) The writer states with certainty - no hedging 15) Studies suggest that reducing poverty could positively impact national happiness. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral 16) The majority of scientists would agree that climate change has been accelerated by human activity. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral 17) Studies show that gender equality in education positively impacts economic development. a) The writer states with certainty - neutrality b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees 18) The argument that gender equality has already been achieved is simply untrue. a) The writer agrees with certainty - no hedging b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees with certainty - no hedging 19) This research could be interpredted as indicating that implementing gender equality policies improves workplace morale. a) The writer is disagreeing b) The writer is hedging c) The writer agrees d) The writer is neutral 20) Some environmentalists believe that stricter pollution laws could reduce global warming. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral 21) Everyone believes in god. a) Over-statement - no hedging b) The writer disagrees c) The writer is neutral 22) Many people believe in god. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral 23) AI is likely to significantly impact job markets, though the extent is uncertain (Brown, 2019; Gupta & Lee, 2022). a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral 24) Typically, hedging language helps students avoid over-generalising and appearing as a fool. a) The writer agrees b) The writer is hedging c) The writer disagrees d) The writer is neutral

Hedging Identification Quiz

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