Simple distillation - To separate a solid from a liquid, Evaporation - Liquid turns into a vapour (gas), Condenser - Uses cold water to help the vapour condense back into liquid, Drinking water - Can be made from seawater using simple distilation, but it uses lots of energy, Paper chromatography - Is used to separate different substances in a mixture, Water or ethanol - Are solvents that can be used in chromatography, Chromatogram - is the pattern of spots left on the paper after chromatography, Rf value in chromatography - is the distance travelled by the substance divided by the distance travelled by the solvent, A single spot - will be produced if a pure substance is used in chromatography, Heating - a salt solution up will speed up evaporation because it makes the water particles move faster, Crystallisation - The process of forming solid crystals from a solution, Salt crystals - will be produced if you leave a salt solution on a sunny window ledge as the sun evaporates the water, Fractional distillation - is used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points, Fractionating column - Has cold water surrounding it to cool the vapour of the liquid with the highest boiling point back to a liquid,

Separating mixtures

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