1) A scientist is studying how different amounts of sunlight affect the growth of tomato plants. She places three groups of plants in different locations: one group gets 2 hours of sunlight per day, another group gets 4 hours, and the last group gets 6 hours. After four weeks, she measures the height of each plant. Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable in this experiment? a) Independent variable: Amount of sunlight; Dependent variable: Height of the plants b) Independent variable: Height of the plants; Dependent variable: Amount of sunlight c) Independent variable: Amount of water; Dependent variable: Amount of sunlight d) Independent variable: Temperature; Dependent variable: Growth of plants 2) A farmer wants to test how different amounts of fertilizer affect the growth of corn plants. She applies three different amounts of fertilizer (0g, 10g, and 20g) to different groups of corn plants and records their height after 8 weeks. What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this experiment? a) Independent variable: Type of corn; Dependent variable: Amount of fertilizer b) Independent variable: Height of the plants; Dependent variable: Type of fertilizer c) Independent variable: Amount of fertilizer; Dependent variable: Height of the plants d) Independent variable: Amount of sunlight; Dependent variable: Growth of plants 3) A group of researchers is studying how different types of exercise affect heart rate. They have participants perform different activities, such as walking, jogging, and running, and then measure their heart rates. What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable?What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable? a) Independent variable: Heart rate; Dependent variable: Type of exercise b) Independent variable: Type of exercise; Dependent variable: Heart rate c) Independent variable: Time of day; Dependent variable: Number of participants d) Independent variable: Age of participants; Dependent variable: Type of shoes worn 4) A scientist is studying how caffeine affects reaction time. She gives different amounts of caffeine (0 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg) to participants and then measures how quickly they can press a button when a light turns on. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a) The amount of caffeine given b) The number of participants in the study c) The color of the light d) The reaction time of participants 5) A teacher wants to know if studying longer improves students' test scores. She has different groups of students study for 1 hour, 3 hours, or 5 hours before taking the same math test. What is the independent variable in this experiment? a) The test scores of students b) The amount of time students spend studying c) The number of students in the class d) The subject of the test

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