1) What is object-oriented programming (OOP)? a) A) A programming paradigm based on classes and objects, aiming to model real-world entities using concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. b) B) A technique exclusively for designing graphical interfaces in desktop applications. c) C) A set of rules to write algorithms without variables or control structures. d) D) A low-level language used only for programming microcontrollers. 2) What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? a) A) A compiler translates the whole program into machine code before execution, while an interpreter translates and executes line by line. b) B) A compiler is only used for low-level languages, and an interpreter only for high-level languages. c) C) A compiler turns the program into graphical images, while an interpreter turns it into text. d) D) A compiler runs programs slower than an interpreter because it analyzes all the code multiple times. 3) Which of these data types are reference types? a) A) boolean b) B) integer c) C) String d) D) char 4) How many public classes can a single file have in Java? a) A) Up to two public classes per file. b) B) Only one public class per file. c) C) As many public classes as you want, no limit. d) D) None, public classes cannot be in files. 5) Which keyword is used to create a new instance of a class in Java? a) A) create b) B) instance c) C) object d) D) new

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