Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, often called L. L. Zamenhof, was ____ in 1859 in Białystok, a town that was part of the Russian Empire. The city was ____ to many different groups—Poles, Russians, Germans, Jews, and others—who often ____ and fought. Zamenhof believed that a ____ language could help people understand each other better and reduce conflict. As a young man, he ____ creating such a language. In 1887, he published the first book of Esperanto. The word means “one who hopes.” His ____ was not to replace national languages, but to give people a second language that would be easy to learn and ____. Esperanto uses simple ____ and a regular system of word building, which makes it much easier than most ____ languages. Over time, it spread across the world. Today, people in more than 120 countries speak and study Esperanto. It is ____ in international meetings, literature, music, and even online communities. Zamenhof’s dream of universal peace has not yet come true, but his language ____ a living project and a symbol of understanding between cultures.

ESPERANTO

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