What is evolution?, A. Sudden change in one organism, B. Gradual change in species over time, C. Movement of animals between habitats, D. Growth of a single organism, Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?, A. Isaac Newton, B. Yulia Nacar, C. Charles Darwin, D. Louis Pasteur, What is natural selection?, A. Organisms choose their traits, B. Strongest animals always survive, C. Better-adapted organisms survive and reproduce, D. All organisms survive equally, What is variation?, A. Identical characteristics in a species, B. Differences between individuals of a species, C. A type of adaptation, D. A food chain, What are inheritable characteristics?, A. Traits learned during life, B. Characteristics passed from parents to offspring, C. Injuries caused by the environment, D. Temporary changes in behaviour, What is an adaptation?, A. A random movement, B. A disease caused by bacteria, C. A characteristic that improves survival, D. A temporary behaviour, Why are adaptations important?, A. They stop evolution, B. They improve chances of survival and reproduction, C. They make all organisms identical, D. They prevent variation, What does the “tree of life” show?, A. Types of plants only, B. Food chains in forests, C. Relationships between species and common ancestors, D. How animals compete, What is a common ancestor?, A. The first human, B. An organism from which other species evolved, C. A predator species, D. A cloned organism, Why do species evolve over time?, A. Organisms decide to change, B. Better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce, C. All organisms change equally, D. Evolution stops after reproduction, In the giraffe example, why did long-necked giraffes survive better?, A. They could reach more food, B. They were stronger, C. They avoided water, D. They slept less, What happened to the offspring of giraffes with long necks?, A. They became extinct, B. They lost the adaptation, C. They inherited longer necks, D. They stopped reproducing, What is biodiversity?, A. Competition between species, B. Variety of living things in an area, C. One species living alone, D. Loss of habitats, What is a habitat?, A. A type of adaptation, B. A process of evolution, C. A food chain, D. The place where an organism lives, Why are penguins considered adapted for swimming?, A. They evolved flippers and streamlined bodies, B. They developed stronger wings for flying, C. They lost all feathers, D. They became reptiles, According to the penguin case study, penguins evolved from:, A. Flying birds, B. Fish, C. Mammals, D. Reptiles, What is camouflage?, A. Migration between habitats, B. Competing for food, C. Blending into surroundings, D. Seasonal reproduction, Why do some organisms survive environmental changes better than others?, A. They are always bigger, B. They have favourable adaptations, C. They reproduce less, D. They avoid competition completely, What happens during natural selection?, A. Favourable traits become more common over generations, B. All organisms become identical, C. Species stop changing, D. Every organism survives equally, What is antibiotic resistance?, A. Antibiotics becoming weaker, B. Viruses becoming resistant, C. Humans becoming immune to antibiotics, D. Bacteria no longer killed by antibiotics, How does antibiotic resistance develop?, A. Antibiotics destroy all bacteria equally, B. Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, C. Bacteria stop reproducing, D. Antibiotics create new viruses, Why is variation important in evolution?, A. It allows some organisms to survive environmental changes, B. It prevents reproduction, C. It removes adaptations, D. It makes all organisms identical, What may happen when groups of the same species become separated for a long time?, A. They stop reproducing immediately, B. They lose all variation, C. They may evolve into new species, D. They become identical again, What is meant by “survival of the fittest”?, A. The fastest organisms survive, B. The biggest organisms survive, C. Only predators survive, D. Organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, Why does the Tree of Life suggest that many species are related?, A. All species live in the same habitat, B. Different species evolved from common ancestors, C. Every species evolved separately, D. Only mammals evolved over time, What does a branch close together on the Tree of Life usually show?, A. The species are closely related, B. The species are extinct, C. The species cannot evolve, D. The species live in different habitats, A population of insects contains both light and dark individuals. After pollution darkens the trees, dark insects become more common over many generations. Why did this happen?, A. Dark insects chose to change colour, B. Light insects became a different species immediately, C. Dark insects were better camouflaged and survived to reproduce, D. Pollution caused all insects to mutate instantly, Why can antibiotic resistance become a serious problem for humans?, A. Resistant bacteria survive treatment and continue reproducing, B. Antibiotics increase variation in humans only, C. All bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics, D. Resistant bacteria stop evolving, Which sequence BEST describes natural selection?, A. Adaptation → extinction → reproduction → variation, B. Variation → survival → reproduction → favourable traits passed on, C. Reproduction → mutation → extinction → habitat change, D. Survival → no variation → evolution stops, Why do favourable adaptations become more common over generations?, A. Organisms choose their traits, B. Less adapted organisms reproduce more, C. Better-adapted organisms survive and pass traits to offspring, D. Adaptations disappear after reproduction.

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