I suppose Santa's already been to their house by now. Do you think they’ve forgotten to buy gifts for Christmas?, with report/comment verbs or phrases:, This is the first time we’ve ever spent New Year’s Eve abroad. It’s the only time I’ve ever stayed up until sunrise on New Year’s Day., with the phrase This is / It's / That's the first / second / only, etc. time ...:, I’ve never had a white Christmas before., when an event is unusual or unique in your life:, She sounds as if she’s eaten too much Christmas pudding. It seems they’ve already finished decorating the tree without us., when commenting on present results of past events:, I’ve loved Christmas markets ever since I first visited Vienna in December. He’s been much more festive since he started celebrating with his new family., to describe states or events that have continued since a past time:, I’ve often wondered why we stopped sending Christmas cards., to describe long-term feelings about past holidays:, Since we’ve moved to this town, we’ve always hosted a New Year’s party., to describe two states since a past time:, We’ll open the champagne when everyone has arrived for the New Year countdown., in time clauses referring to the future:, I haven’t bought any presents yet for my family., use with since and yet, We started the gift exchange after everyone arrived/had arrived., PP Not always necessary, We arrived at the Christmas dinner at 7 p.m., but they had started eating at 6:30., With definite time, They took down the Christmas decorations before I’d even taken a photo of the tree., With before, I had hoped to visit my family for Christmas, but the flights were too expensive., Unfulfilled plans (with hope, intend, expect), By the time you wake up on Christmas morning, Santa will have already been here., FP with by, We should have finished wrapping all the presents by the time Mom gets home. (= I think we will, but I’m not certain), FP predicting, There seems to have been some sort of mistake with secret Santa., Perfect Infinitives (after seem and appear), I don’t remember having tried figgy pudding before last Christmas., Perfect ING forms, By next December, we’ll have been hosting our New Year’s Eve gala for twenty years., Perfect Continuous tenses focus on a past period leading up to a later one, emphasizing duration and/or temporariness:, I’d been wrapping gifts for hours when I realized I’d forgotten one., We use Past or Present Perfect Continuous to talk about incomplete or recently finished actions:, What have you been doing for the holidays? (= Tell me about your activities), Continuous emphasizes the action, What have you done to the living room? (= Tell me the result—it’s covered in tinsel!), Simple focuses on the result, I’ve been waiting in this line to take photo on giant scales measuring human weight in tangerines for hours, and still waiting! , Emphasizing continuation/temporariness, I was thinking of organizing a Secret Santa this year., USING PAST CONTINUOUS FOR PLANS, I was wondering if you wanted to come caroling with us tonight., USING PAST CONTINUOUS FOR POLITE REQUESTS, It’s unusual for him to be cooking the Christmas turkey himself., CONTINUOUS INFINITIVES.

Perfect Forms

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