Target population, All units of interest (e.g. all adults in Kenya), Sample, Subset of units drawn from the target population, Representativeness, The extent to which a sample reflects population characteristics, Undercoverage error, Occurs when the sampling frame fails to include some members of the target population, Overcoverage error, Occurs when units not in the target population end up in the sample, Nonresponse bias, Failing to obtain responses from some members of the chosen sample, Purposive sampling, Participants are intentionally selected because they have specific characteristics relevant to the study., Convenience sampling, Participants are chosen simply because they are easy to access or available., Sampling frame, The list from which a probability sample is actually selected, Sampling error, The degree of error expected from studying a sample instead of everyone, Stratification sampling, Dividing the population into homogeneous subsets or strata before sampling, Systematic sampling, Selecting every kth element from an ordered list with a random start, Cluster sampling, A sampling design where clusters or areas are randomly selected and within each, participants are selected at random, Weighting, Assigning differential weights to cases selected with unequal probabilities, Selection bias, Distortion in a sample caused by the way participants are selected, leading to overrepresentation or underrepresentation of certain groups, Margin of error, How much a survey result might differ from the true population value due to random chance.

Tutorial 5 - Concepts

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